Prevalence and Antibiogram Profiling of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Raw Vegetables, in Malaysia
The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance has drawn the public’s attention worldwide. The presence of ESBL <i>E. coli</i> in fresh produce and other food represents a growing problem involving food safety and has become a global food safety issue. This study was aimed to determine the p...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-10-01
|
| Series: | Biology and Life Sciences Forum |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9976/6/1/44 |
| _version_ | 1797613118115807232 |
|---|---|
| author | Epeng Lee Son Radu Nuzul Noorahya Jambari Noor Azira Abdul-Mutalib |
| author_facet | Epeng Lee Son Radu Nuzul Noorahya Jambari Noor Azira Abdul-Mutalib |
| author_sort | Epeng Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance has drawn the public’s attention worldwide. The presence of ESBL <i>E. coli</i> in fresh produce and other food represents a growing problem involving food safety and has become a global food safety issue. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> in raw vegetables (lettuce and bean sprouts) from hypermarkets and wet markets and to establish the antibiogram of the isolates. In this study, a total of 180 samples (95 samples of lettuce and 85 samples of bean sprouts) were collected from hypermarkets and wet markets. The most-probable-number analysis and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (MPN–PCR) was used to detect and quantify the ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> in raw vegetable samples. The prevalence rates of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> in lettuce and bean sprouts were 62.11% (59/95) and 63.53% (54/85), respectively, with a microbial load range of <3 to >1100 MPN/g. A total of 15 isolates of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> recovered from the samples were tested with an antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) with different antibiotic classes. All isolates were found to be susceptible to cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam, and meropenem. A total of nine ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> strains showed multidrug resistance. In conclusion, the high prevalence rate of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> in raw vegetables showed that raw vegetables could act as a potential vehicle to transmit ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> to the human population. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:51:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4186a36885784be9971393d68ad34531 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-9976 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:51:26Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology and Life Sciences Forum |
| spelling | doaj.art-4186a36885784be9971393d68ad345312023-11-17T09:57:40ZengMDPI AGBiology and Life Sciences Forum2673-99762021-10-01614410.3390/Foods2021-10960Prevalence and Antibiogram Profiling of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Raw Vegetables, in MalaysiaEpeng Lee0Son Radu1Nuzul Noorahya Jambari2Noor Azira Abdul-Mutalib3Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaFood Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaFood Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaFood Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaThe prevalence of antimicrobial resistance has drawn the public’s attention worldwide. The presence of ESBL <i>E. coli</i> in fresh produce and other food represents a growing problem involving food safety and has become a global food safety issue. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> in raw vegetables (lettuce and bean sprouts) from hypermarkets and wet markets and to establish the antibiogram of the isolates. In this study, a total of 180 samples (95 samples of lettuce and 85 samples of bean sprouts) were collected from hypermarkets and wet markets. The most-probable-number analysis and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (MPN–PCR) was used to detect and quantify the ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> in raw vegetable samples. The prevalence rates of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> in lettuce and bean sprouts were 62.11% (59/95) and 63.53% (54/85), respectively, with a microbial load range of <3 to >1100 MPN/g. A total of 15 isolates of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> recovered from the samples were tested with an antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) with different antibiotic classes. All isolates were found to be susceptible to cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam, and meropenem. A total of nine ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> strains showed multidrug resistance. In conclusion, the high prevalence rate of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> in raw vegetables showed that raw vegetables could act as a potential vehicle to transmit ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> to the human population.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9976/6/1/44raw vegetablesESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i>most probable number–polymerase chain reaction (MPN–PCR)antibiogram |
| spellingShingle | Epeng Lee Son Radu Nuzul Noorahya Jambari Noor Azira Abdul-Mutalib Prevalence and Antibiogram Profiling of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Raw Vegetables, in Malaysia Biology and Life Sciences Forum raw vegetables ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> most probable number–polymerase chain reaction (MPN–PCR) antibiogram |
| title | Prevalence and Antibiogram Profiling of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Raw Vegetables, in Malaysia |
| title_full | Prevalence and Antibiogram Profiling of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Raw Vegetables, in Malaysia |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and Antibiogram Profiling of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Raw Vegetables, in Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and Antibiogram Profiling of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Raw Vegetables, in Malaysia |
| title_short | Prevalence and Antibiogram Profiling of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Raw Vegetables, in Malaysia |
| title_sort | prevalence and antibiogram profiling of extended spectrum beta lactamase esbl producing i escherichia coli i in raw vegetables in malaysia |
| topic | raw vegetables ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i> most probable number–polymerase chain reaction (MPN–PCR) antibiogram |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-9976/6/1/44 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT epenglee prevalenceandantibiogramprofilingofextendedspectrumbetalactamaseesblproducingiescherichiacoliiinrawvegetablesinmalaysia AT sonradu prevalenceandantibiogramprofilingofextendedspectrumbetalactamaseesblproducingiescherichiacoliiinrawvegetablesinmalaysia AT nuzulnoorahyajambari prevalenceandantibiogramprofilingofextendedspectrumbetalactamaseesblproducingiescherichiacoliiinrawvegetablesinmalaysia AT nooraziraabdulmutalib prevalenceandantibiogramprofilingofextendedspectrumbetalactamaseesblproducingiescherichiacoliiinrawvegetablesinmalaysia |