Dyslipidaemia—Genotype Interactions with Nutrient Intake and Cerebro-Cardiovascular Disease

A comprehensive understanding of gene-diet interactions is necessary to establish proper dietary guidelines to prevent and manage cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CCD). We investigated the role of genetic variants associated with dyslipidaemia (DL) and their interactions with macro-nutrients for card...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sung-Bum Lee, Ja-Eun Choi, Byoungjin Park, Mi-Yeon Cha, Kyung-Won Hong, Dong-Hyuk Jung
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-07-01
Series:Biomedicines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/7/1615
Description
Summary:A comprehensive understanding of gene-diet interactions is necessary to establish proper dietary guidelines to prevent and manage cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CCD). We investigated the role of genetic variants associated with dyslipidaemia (DL) and their interactions with macro-nutrients for cardiovascular disease using a large-scale genome-wide association study of Korean adults. A total of 58,701 participants from a Korean genome and epidemiology study were included. Their dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Dyslipidaemia was defined as total cholesterol (TCHL) ≥ 240 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) < 40 mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) ≥ 160 mg/dL, triglycerides (TG) ≥ 200 mg/dL, or dyslipidaemia history. Their nutrient intake was classified as follows: protein intake: high ≥ 30%, 30% > moderate ≥ 20%, and 20% > low in daily total energy intake (TEI); carbohydrate intake: high ≥ 60%, 60% > moderate ≥ 50%, and 50% > low; fat intake: high ≥ 40%, 40% > moderate ≥ 30%, and 30% > low. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated after adjusting for age; sex; body mass index (BMI); exercise status; smoking status; alcohol intake; principal component 1 (PC1); principal component 2 (PC2); and intake of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. This analysis included 20,596 patients with dyslipidaemia and 1027 CCD patients. We found that rs2070895 related to <i>LIPC</i> was associated with HDL-cholesterol. Patients with the minor allele (A) in rs2070895 had a lower risk of CCD than those carrying the reference allele (G) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.8956, <i>p</i>-value = 1.78 × 10<sup>−2</sup>). Furthermore, individuals consuming protein below 20% TEI with the <i>LIPC</i> reference allele had a higher risk of CCD than those with the minor allele (interaction <i>p</i>-value 6.12 × 10<sup>−3</sup>). Our findings suggest that the interactions of specific polymorphisms associated with dyslipidaemia and nutrients intake can influence CCD.
ISSN:2227-9059