High-ICE and High-Capacity Retention Silicon-Based Anode for Lithium-Ion Battery
Silicon-based anodes are promising to replace graphite-based anodes for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries (LIB). However, the charge–discharge cycling suffers from internal stresses created by large volume changes of silicon, which form silicon-lithium compounds, and excessive consumption of lithi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/9/1387 |
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| author | Yonhua Tzeng Cheng-Ying Jhan Yi-Chen Wu Guan-Yu Chen Kuo-Ming Chiu Stephen Yang-En Guu |
| author_facet | Yonhua Tzeng Cheng-Ying Jhan Yi-Chen Wu Guan-Yu Chen Kuo-Ming Chiu Stephen Yang-En Guu |
| author_sort | Yonhua Tzeng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Silicon-based anodes are promising to replace graphite-based anodes for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries (LIB). However, the charge–discharge cycling suffers from internal stresses created by large volume changes of silicon, which form silicon-lithium compounds, and excessive consumption of lithium by irreversible formation of lithium-containing compounds. Consumption of lithium by the initial conditioning of the anode, as indicated by low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE), and subsequently continuous formation of solid-electrolyte-phase (SEI) on the freshly exposed silicon surface, are among the main issues. A high-performance, silicon-based, high-capacity anode exhibiting 88.8% ICE and the retention of 2 mAh/cm<sup>2</sup> areal capacity after 200 discharge–charge cycles at the rate of 1 A/g is reported. The anode is made on a copper foil using a mixture of 70%:10%:20% by weight ratio of silicon flakes of 100 × 800 × 800 nm in size, Super P conductivity enhancement additive, and an equal-weight mixture of CMC and SBR binders. Pyrolysis of fabricated anodes at 700 °C in argon environment for 1 h was applied to convert the binders into a porous graphitic carbon structure that encapsulates individual silicon flakes. The porous anode has a mechanically strong and electrically conductive graphitic carbon structure formed by the pyrolyzed binders, which protect individual silicon flakes from excessive reactions with the electrolyte and help keep small pieces of broken silicon flakes together within the carbon structure. The selection and amount of conductivity enhancement additives are shown to be critical to the achievement of both high-ICE and high-capacity retention after long cycling. The Super P conductivity enhancement additive exhibits a smaller effective surface area where SEI forms compared to KB, and thus leads to the best combination of both high-ICE and high-capacity retention. A silicon-based anode exhibiting high capacity, high ICE, and a long cycling life has been achieved by the facile and promising one-step fabrication process. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:52:32Z |
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| id | doaj.art-41a2b9717f0b4e35af6c7bbe492d0ddf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:52:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-41a2b9717f0b4e35af6c7bbe492d0ddf2023-11-23T08:53:26ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912022-04-01129138710.3390/nano12091387High-ICE and High-Capacity Retention Silicon-Based Anode for Lithium-Ion BatteryYonhua Tzeng0Cheng-Ying Jhan1Yi-Chen Wu2Guan-Yu Chen3Kuo-Ming Chiu4Stephen Yang-En Guu5Institute of Microelectronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, TaiwanInstitute of Microelectronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, TaiwanInstitute of Microelectronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, TaiwanInstitute of Microelectronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, TaiwanInstitute of Microelectronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, TaiwanInstitute of Microelectronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, TaiwanSilicon-based anodes are promising to replace graphite-based anodes for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries (LIB). However, the charge–discharge cycling suffers from internal stresses created by large volume changes of silicon, which form silicon-lithium compounds, and excessive consumption of lithium by irreversible formation of lithium-containing compounds. Consumption of lithium by the initial conditioning of the anode, as indicated by low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE), and subsequently continuous formation of solid-electrolyte-phase (SEI) on the freshly exposed silicon surface, are among the main issues. A high-performance, silicon-based, high-capacity anode exhibiting 88.8% ICE and the retention of 2 mAh/cm<sup>2</sup> areal capacity after 200 discharge–charge cycles at the rate of 1 A/g is reported. The anode is made on a copper foil using a mixture of 70%:10%:20% by weight ratio of silicon flakes of 100 × 800 × 800 nm in size, Super P conductivity enhancement additive, and an equal-weight mixture of CMC and SBR binders. Pyrolysis of fabricated anodes at 700 °C in argon environment for 1 h was applied to convert the binders into a porous graphitic carbon structure that encapsulates individual silicon flakes. The porous anode has a mechanically strong and electrically conductive graphitic carbon structure formed by the pyrolyzed binders, which protect individual silicon flakes from excessive reactions with the electrolyte and help keep small pieces of broken silicon flakes together within the carbon structure. The selection and amount of conductivity enhancement additives are shown to be critical to the achievement of both high-ICE and high-capacity retention after long cycling. The Super P conductivity enhancement additive exhibits a smaller effective surface area where SEI forms compared to KB, and thus leads to the best combination of both high-ICE and high-capacity retention. A silicon-based anode exhibiting high capacity, high ICE, and a long cycling life has been achieved by the facile and promising one-step fabrication process.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/9/1387siliconpyrolysisLIBanodeSuper PKetjen black |
| spellingShingle | Yonhua Tzeng Cheng-Ying Jhan Yi-Chen Wu Guan-Yu Chen Kuo-Ming Chiu Stephen Yang-En Guu High-ICE and High-Capacity Retention Silicon-Based Anode for Lithium-Ion Battery Nanomaterials silicon pyrolysis LIB anode Super P Ketjen black |
| title | High-ICE and High-Capacity Retention Silicon-Based Anode for Lithium-Ion Battery |
| title_full | High-ICE and High-Capacity Retention Silicon-Based Anode for Lithium-Ion Battery |
| title_fullStr | High-ICE and High-Capacity Retention Silicon-Based Anode for Lithium-Ion Battery |
| title_full_unstemmed | High-ICE and High-Capacity Retention Silicon-Based Anode for Lithium-Ion Battery |
| title_short | High-ICE and High-Capacity Retention Silicon-Based Anode for Lithium-Ion Battery |
| title_sort | high ice and high capacity retention silicon based anode for lithium ion battery |
| topic | silicon pyrolysis LIB anode Super P Ketjen black |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/9/1387 |
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