Structural differences among children, adolescents, and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and abnormal Granger causality of the right pallidum and whole-brain
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood mental health disorder that often persists to adulthood and is characterized by inattentive, hyperactive, or impulsive behaviors. This study investigated structural and effective connectivity differences through voxel-based morphometry (...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2023.1076873/full |
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| author | Elijah Agoalikum Benjamin Klugah-Brown Hongzhou Wu Peng Hu Junlin Jing Bharat Biswal Bharat Biswal |
| author_facet | Elijah Agoalikum Benjamin Klugah-Brown Hongzhou Wu Peng Hu Junlin Jing Bharat Biswal Bharat Biswal |
| author_sort | Elijah Agoalikum |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood mental health disorder that often persists to adulthood and is characterized by inattentive, hyperactive, or impulsive behaviors. This study investigated structural and effective connectivity differences through voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and Granger causality analysis (GCA) across child, adolescent, and adult ADHD patients. Structural and functional MRI data consisting of 35 children (8.64 ± 0.81 years), 40 adolescents (14.11 ± 1.83 years), and 39 adults (31.59 ± 10.13 years) was obtained from New York University Child Study Center for the ADHD-200 and UCLA dataset. Structural differences in the bilateral pallidum, bilateral thalamus, bilateral insula, superior temporal cortex, and the right cerebellum were observed among the three ADHD groups. The right pallidum was positively correlated with disease severity. The right pallidum as a seed precedes and granger causes the right middle occipital cortex, bilateral fusiform, left postcentral gyrus, left paracentral lobule, left amygdala, and right cerebellum. Also, the anterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, left cerebellum, left putamen, left caudate, bilateral superior temporal pole, middle cingulate cortex, right precentral gyrus, and the left supplementary motor area demonstrated causal effects on the seed region. In general, this study showed the structural differences and the effective connectivity of the right pallidum amongst the three ADHD age groups. Our work also highlights the evidence of the frontal-striatal-cerebellar circuits in ADHD and provides new insights into the effective connectivity of the right pallidum and the pathophysiology of ADHD. Our results further demonstrated that GCA could effectively explore the interregional causal relationship between abnormal regions in ADHD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T15:18:10Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5161 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T15:18:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-41aa1b03e8ee4175860fc91b03086c642023-02-14T17:21:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Human Neuroscience1662-51612023-02-011710.3389/fnhum.2023.10768731076873Structural differences among children, adolescents, and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and abnormal Granger causality of the right pallidum and whole-brainElijah Agoalikum0Benjamin Klugah-Brown1Hongzhou Wu2Peng Hu3Junlin Jing4Bharat Biswal5Bharat Biswal6The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaThe Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaThe Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaThe Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaThe Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaThe Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United StatesAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood mental health disorder that often persists to adulthood and is characterized by inattentive, hyperactive, or impulsive behaviors. This study investigated structural and effective connectivity differences through voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and Granger causality analysis (GCA) across child, adolescent, and adult ADHD patients. Structural and functional MRI data consisting of 35 children (8.64 ± 0.81 years), 40 adolescents (14.11 ± 1.83 years), and 39 adults (31.59 ± 10.13 years) was obtained from New York University Child Study Center for the ADHD-200 and UCLA dataset. Structural differences in the bilateral pallidum, bilateral thalamus, bilateral insula, superior temporal cortex, and the right cerebellum were observed among the three ADHD groups. The right pallidum was positively correlated with disease severity. The right pallidum as a seed precedes and granger causes the right middle occipital cortex, bilateral fusiform, left postcentral gyrus, left paracentral lobule, left amygdala, and right cerebellum. Also, the anterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, left cerebellum, left putamen, left caudate, bilateral superior temporal pole, middle cingulate cortex, right precentral gyrus, and the left supplementary motor area demonstrated causal effects on the seed region. In general, this study showed the structural differences and the effective connectivity of the right pallidum amongst the three ADHD age groups. Our work also highlights the evidence of the frontal-striatal-cerebellar circuits in ADHD and provides new insights into the effective connectivity of the right pallidum and the pathophysiology of ADHD. Our results further demonstrated that GCA could effectively explore the interregional causal relationship between abnormal regions in ADHD.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2023.1076873/fullattention deficit/hyperactivity disorderagevoxel-based morphometryGranger causality analysisresting-state fMRI |
| spellingShingle | Elijah Agoalikum Benjamin Klugah-Brown Hongzhou Wu Peng Hu Junlin Jing Bharat Biswal Bharat Biswal Structural differences among children, adolescents, and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and abnormal Granger causality of the right pallidum and whole-brain Frontiers in Human Neuroscience attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder age voxel-based morphometry Granger causality analysis resting-state fMRI |
| title | Structural differences among children, adolescents, and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and abnormal Granger causality of the right pallidum and whole-brain |
| title_full | Structural differences among children, adolescents, and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and abnormal Granger causality of the right pallidum and whole-brain |
| title_fullStr | Structural differences among children, adolescents, and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and abnormal Granger causality of the right pallidum and whole-brain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structural differences among children, adolescents, and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and abnormal Granger causality of the right pallidum and whole-brain |
| title_short | Structural differences among children, adolescents, and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and abnormal Granger causality of the right pallidum and whole-brain |
| title_sort | structural differences among children adolescents and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and abnormal granger causality of the right pallidum and whole brain |
| topic | attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder age voxel-based morphometry Granger causality analysis resting-state fMRI |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2023.1076873/full |
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