Role of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 in the Pathogenesis of Graves’ Orbitopathy in Orbital Fibroblasts
BackgroundThe proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. We sought to investigate the role of PCSK9 in the pathogenesis of Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) and whether it may be a legitimate target for treatment.MethodsThe PCSK9 wa...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2020.607144/full |
| _version_ | 1818871658443702272 |
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| author | Ga Eun Lee Jinjoo Kim Jihei Sara Lee JaeSang Ko Eun Jig Lee Jin Sook Yoon |
| author_facet | Ga Eun Lee Jinjoo Kim Jihei Sara Lee JaeSang Ko Eun Jig Lee Jin Sook Yoon |
| author_sort | Ga Eun Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundThe proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. We sought to investigate the role of PCSK9 in the pathogenesis of Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) and whether it may be a legitimate target for treatment.MethodsThe PCSK9 was compared between GO (n=11) and normal subjects (n=7) in orbital tissue explants using quantitative real-time PCR, and in cultured interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-treated fibroblasts using western blot. Western blot was used to identify the effects of PCSK9 inhibition on IL-1β-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines production and signaling molecules expression as well as levels of adipogenic markers and oxidative stress-related proteins. Adipogenic differentiation was identified using Oil Red O staining. The plasma PCSK9 concentrations were compared between patients with GO (n=44) and healthy subjects (n=26) by ELISA.ResultsThe PCSK9 transcript level was higher in GO tissues. The depletion of PCSK9 blunted IL-1β-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), IL-6, IL-8, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in GO and non-GO fibroblasts. The levels of activated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and phosphorylated forms of Akt and p38 were diminished when PCSK9 was suppressed in GO fibroblasts. Decreases in lipid droplets and attenuated levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), and leptin as well as hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), thioredoxin (Trx), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were noted when PCSK9 was suppressed during adipocyte differentiation. The plasma PCSK9 level was significantly higher in GO patients and correlated with level of thyrotropin binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII) and the clinical activity score (CAS).ConclusionsPCSK9 plays a significant role in GO. The PCSK9 inhibition attenuated the pro-inflammatory cytokines production, oxidative stress, and fibroblast differentiation into adipocytes. PCSK9 may serve as a therapeutic target and biomarker for GO. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T12:26:25Z |
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| id | doaj.art-41c3967843b14adc8bacb230654f4db7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T12:26:25Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj.art-41c3967843b14adc8bacb230654f4db72022-12-21T20:21:33ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922021-01-011110.3389/fendo.2020.607144607144Role of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 in the Pathogenesis of Graves’ Orbitopathy in Orbital FibroblastsGa Eun Lee0Jinjoo Kim1Jihei Sara Lee2JaeSang Ko3Eun Jig Lee4Jin Sook Yoon5Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Endocrinology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaBackgroundThe proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. We sought to investigate the role of PCSK9 in the pathogenesis of Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) and whether it may be a legitimate target for treatment.MethodsThe PCSK9 was compared between GO (n=11) and normal subjects (n=7) in orbital tissue explants using quantitative real-time PCR, and in cultured interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-treated fibroblasts using western blot. Western blot was used to identify the effects of PCSK9 inhibition on IL-1β-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines production and signaling molecules expression as well as levels of adipogenic markers and oxidative stress-related proteins. Adipogenic differentiation was identified using Oil Red O staining. The plasma PCSK9 concentrations were compared between patients with GO (n=44) and healthy subjects (n=26) by ELISA.ResultsThe PCSK9 transcript level was higher in GO tissues. The depletion of PCSK9 blunted IL-1β-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), IL-6, IL-8, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in GO and non-GO fibroblasts. The levels of activated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and phosphorylated forms of Akt and p38 were diminished when PCSK9 was suppressed in GO fibroblasts. Decreases in lipid droplets and attenuated levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ), and leptin as well as hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), thioredoxin (Trx), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were noted when PCSK9 was suppressed during adipocyte differentiation. The plasma PCSK9 level was significantly higher in GO patients and correlated with level of thyrotropin binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII) and the clinical activity score (CAS).ConclusionsPCSK9 plays a significant role in GO. The PCSK9 inhibition attenuated the pro-inflammatory cytokines production, oxidative stress, and fibroblast differentiation into adipocytes. PCSK9 may serve as a therapeutic target and biomarker for GO.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2020.607144/fulladipogenesisGraves’ orbitopathyinflammationoxidative stressproprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9PCSK9 |
| spellingShingle | Ga Eun Lee Jinjoo Kim Jihei Sara Lee JaeSang Ko Eun Jig Lee Jin Sook Yoon Role of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 in the Pathogenesis of Graves’ Orbitopathy in Orbital Fibroblasts Frontiers in Endocrinology adipogenesis Graves’ orbitopathy inflammation oxidative stress proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 PCSK9 |
| title | Role of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 in the Pathogenesis of Graves’ Orbitopathy in Orbital Fibroblasts |
| title_full | Role of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 in the Pathogenesis of Graves’ Orbitopathy in Orbital Fibroblasts |
| title_fullStr | Role of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 in the Pathogenesis of Graves’ Orbitopathy in Orbital Fibroblasts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 in the Pathogenesis of Graves’ Orbitopathy in Orbital Fibroblasts |
| title_short | Role of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 in the Pathogenesis of Graves’ Orbitopathy in Orbital Fibroblasts |
| title_sort | role of proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 in the pathogenesis of graves orbitopathy in orbital fibroblasts |
| topic | adipogenesis Graves’ orbitopathy inflammation oxidative stress proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 PCSK9 |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2020.607144/full |
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