Brazil and the European Union: from liberal inter-regionalism to realist bilateralism
Abstract Brazil-European Union relations punch below their weight. Cooperation takes place at three levels: relations with European Union (EU) member states, Brazil`s partnership with Brussels, and EU-MERCOSUR negotiations. This multilevel governance contrasts with poor results: there is no free tra...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Instituto Brasileiro de Relações Internacionais
2018-04-01
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| Series: | Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional |
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| Online Access: | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-73292018000100203&lng=en&tlng=en |
| _version_ | 1818134666905911296 |
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| author | Susanne Gratius |
| author_facet | Susanne Gratius |
| author_sort | Susanne Gratius |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Brazil-European Union relations punch below their weight. Cooperation takes place at three levels: relations with European Union (EU) member states, Brazil`s partnership with Brussels, and EU-MERCOSUR negotiations. This multilevel governance contrasts with poor results: there is no free trade agreement, development cooperation became irrelevant, and international positions rarely converge. The article explores the reasons for the underperformance by comparing foreign policy shifts in Brazil and the EU, and analyzing multilevel governance in selected sectors of cooperation. It is based on four assumptions: multilevel relations are uncoordinated, idealist inter-regionalism doesn’t work, and crisis-driven, liberal realist foreign policies in Brazil and the EU facilitate bilateralism. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T09:12:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-41cd71de38df495b939774447f55b239 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1983-3121 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T09:12:15Z |
| publishDate | 2018-04-01 |
| publisher | Instituto Brasileiro de Relações Internacionais |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional |
| spelling | doaj.art-41cd71de38df495b939774447f55b2392022-12-22T01:13:27ZengInstituto Brasileiro de Relações InternacionaisRevista Brasileira de Política Internacional1983-31212018-04-0161110.1590/0034-7329201800103S0034-73292018000100203Brazil and the European Union: from liberal inter-regionalism to realist bilateralismSusanne GratiusAbstract Brazil-European Union relations punch below their weight. Cooperation takes place at three levels: relations with European Union (EU) member states, Brazil`s partnership with Brussels, and EU-MERCOSUR negotiations. This multilevel governance contrasts with poor results: there is no free trade agreement, development cooperation became irrelevant, and international positions rarely converge. The article explores the reasons for the underperformance by comparing foreign policy shifts in Brazil and the EU, and analyzing multilevel governance in selected sectors of cooperation. It is based on four assumptions: multilevel relations are uncoordinated, idealist inter-regionalism doesn’t work, and crisis-driven, liberal realist foreign policies in Brazil and the EU facilitate bilateralism.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-73292018000100203&lng=en&tlng=enBrazilEuropean Unionregionalisminterregionalismforeign policy |
| spellingShingle | Susanne Gratius Brazil and the European Union: from liberal inter-regionalism to realist bilateralism Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional Brazil European Union regionalism interregionalism foreign policy |
| title | Brazil and the European Union: from liberal inter-regionalism to realist bilateralism |
| title_full | Brazil and the European Union: from liberal inter-regionalism to realist bilateralism |
| title_fullStr | Brazil and the European Union: from liberal inter-regionalism to realist bilateralism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Brazil and the European Union: from liberal inter-regionalism to realist bilateralism |
| title_short | Brazil and the European Union: from liberal inter-regionalism to realist bilateralism |
| title_sort | brazil and the european union from liberal inter regionalism to realist bilateralism |
| topic | Brazil European Union regionalism interregionalism foreign policy |
| url | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-73292018000100203&lng=en&tlng=en |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT susannegratius brazilandtheeuropeanunionfromliberalinterregionalismtorealistbilateralism |