In Search of the Executive Cognitive Processes Proposed by Process-Overlap Theory
Process-Overlap Theory (POT) suggests that measures of cognitive abilities sample from sets of independent cognitive processes. These cognitive processes can be separated into domain-general executive processes, sampled by the majority of cognitive ability measures, and domain-specific processes, sa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Intelligence |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3200/9/3/43 |
| _version_ | 1797518652479635456 |
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| author | Gidon T. Frischkorn Claudia C. von Bastian |
| author_facet | Gidon T. Frischkorn Claudia C. von Bastian |
| author_sort | Gidon T. Frischkorn |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Process-Overlap Theory (POT) suggests that measures of cognitive abilities sample from sets of independent cognitive processes. These cognitive processes can be separated into domain-general executive processes, sampled by the majority of cognitive ability measures, and domain-specific processes, sampled only by measures within a certain domain. According to POT, fluid intelligence measures are related because different tests sample similar domain-general executive cognitive processes to some extent. Re-analyzing data from a study by De Simoni and von Bastian (2018), we assessed domain-general variance from executive processing tasks measuring inhibition, shifting, and efficiency of removal from working memory, as well as examined their relation to a domain-general factor extracted from fluid intelligence measures. The results showed that domain-general factors reflecting general processing speed were moderately and negatively correlated with the domain-general fluid intelligence factor (<i>r</i> = −.17–−.36). However, domain-general factors isolating variance specific to inhibition, shifting, and removal showed only small and inconsistent correlations with the domain-general fluid intelligence factor (<i>r</i> = .02–−.22). These findings suggest that (1) executive processing tasks sample only few domain-general executive processes also sampled by fluid intelligence measures, as well as (2) that domain-general speed of processing contributes more strongly to individual differences in fluid intelligence than do domain-general executive processes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:32:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-41cee56f4e7547df9eb9b84d381e1630 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-3200 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:32:45Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Intelligence |
| spelling | doaj.art-41cee56f4e7547df9eb9b84d381e16302023-11-22T13:44:31ZengMDPI AGJournal of Intelligence2079-32002021-08-01934310.3390/jintelligence9030043In Search of the Executive Cognitive Processes Proposed by Process-Overlap TheoryGidon T. Frischkorn0Claudia C. von Bastian1Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmuehlestrasse 14, 8050 Zurich, SwitzerlandDepartment of Psychology, University Sheffield, Sheffield S1 1HD, UKProcess-Overlap Theory (POT) suggests that measures of cognitive abilities sample from sets of independent cognitive processes. These cognitive processes can be separated into domain-general executive processes, sampled by the majority of cognitive ability measures, and domain-specific processes, sampled only by measures within a certain domain. According to POT, fluid intelligence measures are related because different tests sample similar domain-general executive cognitive processes to some extent. Re-analyzing data from a study by De Simoni and von Bastian (2018), we assessed domain-general variance from executive processing tasks measuring inhibition, shifting, and efficiency of removal from working memory, as well as examined their relation to a domain-general factor extracted from fluid intelligence measures. The results showed that domain-general factors reflecting general processing speed were moderately and negatively correlated with the domain-general fluid intelligence factor (<i>r</i> = −.17–−.36). However, domain-general factors isolating variance specific to inhibition, shifting, and removal showed only small and inconsistent correlations with the domain-general fluid intelligence factor (<i>r</i> = .02–−.22). These findings suggest that (1) executive processing tasks sample only few domain-general executive processes also sampled by fluid intelligence measures, as well as (2) that domain-general speed of processing contributes more strongly to individual differences in fluid intelligence than do domain-general executive processes.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3200/9/3/43intelligenceexecutive processesworking memoryprocessing speedProcess-Overlap Theory |
| spellingShingle | Gidon T. Frischkorn Claudia C. von Bastian In Search of the Executive Cognitive Processes Proposed by Process-Overlap Theory Journal of Intelligence intelligence executive processes working memory processing speed Process-Overlap Theory |
| title | In Search of the Executive Cognitive Processes Proposed by Process-Overlap Theory |
| title_full | In Search of the Executive Cognitive Processes Proposed by Process-Overlap Theory |
| title_fullStr | In Search of the Executive Cognitive Processes Proposed by Process-Overlap Theory |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Search of the Executive Cognitive Processes Proposed by Process-Overlap Theory |
| title_short | In Search of the Executive Cognitive Processes Proposed by Process-Overlap Theory |
| title_sort | in search of the executive cognitive processes proposed by process overlap theory |
| topic | intelligence executive processes working memory processing speed Process-Overlap Theory |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3200/9/3/43 |
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