Eco-toxicity of hexavalent chromium and its adverse impact on environment and human health in Sukinda Valley of India: A review on pollution and prevention strategies
Sukinda Valley of Jajpur district, Odisha contributes about 98% of India's total chromite reserves with about 334 million tons annual production rate globally, which plays a colossal role to strengthen the economy of our country and leads to sustainable development. The consequences related to...
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| Format: | Article |
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182623000024 |
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| author | Subhadarsini Mohanty Ankuri Benya Sujata Hota M. Santhosh Kumar Shikha Singh |
| author_facet | Subhadarsini Mohanty Ankuri Benya Sujata Hota M. Santhosh Kumar Shikha Singh |
| author_sort | Subhadarsini Mohanty |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sukinda Valley of Jajpur district, Odisha contributes about 98% of India's total chromite reserves with about 334 million tons annual production rate globally, which plays a colossal role to strengthen the economy of our country and leads to sustainable development. The consequences related to chromite mining and excessive production of chromium have entitled this valley a “Valley of Despair”. A far-reaching production of different forms of chromite ore has bowed this area into a contamination-prone region due to the deposition of an unacceptable amount of chromium in the soil, sediment, groundwater and air of Sukinda. Around 1.8 lakh mining workers and nearby village dwellers are getting affected due to the presence of the forbidden amount of chromium ions. The foremost roots of exposure by humans are inhalation of contaminated air, accidental ingestion and contact absorption by skin. In the environment, chromium occurs in different forms and its level of toxicity also varies in each state. Chromium in its hexavalent form is bio-leachable and water-soluble. Thereby easily contaminates the water body which in turn becomes accessible to human beings and reacts with the cellular components. Long-term exposure to the human body may result in initiating several serious diseases like microcytic anaemia, mitochondrial and DNA damage of blood cells which in turn induces carcinogenicity, occupational asthma, airway hypersensitivity, nose, eye and skin irritation etc. The repercussion of chromium contamination at the terrestrial level is not endemic but also invades other sectors of the natural environment via the food chain and other means of transportation. Numerous on-going studies are yet to be carried out for the reduction and remediation of chromium from the contaminated environment. Nevertheless, this issue is worsening at a rapid rate making it difficult to tackle. The chromite mining activities in Sukinda Valley are creating difficulties for the livelihood as well as for the natural environment due to the discharge of massive amount of contaminants. The issue related to the chromium contamination is gigantic and needs urgent management and control strategies. Therefore, the present review focuses on the present scenario to combat deleterious effects initiated as a result of long-term exposure to metallic pollutant, Hexavalent Chromium [Cr(VI)] on the natural environment as well as on human health specifically on the health of mining workers and villagers residing near the Sukinda Valley, Odisha. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:48:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-41cf6a3f8947453d9ca2cfed4a7482cf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2590-1826 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:48:57Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
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| series | Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology |
| spelling | doaj.art-41cf6a3f8947453d9ca2cfed4a7482cf2023-12-20T07:36:34ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology2590-18262023-01-0154654Eco-toxicity of hexavalent chromium and its adverse impact on environment and human health in Sukinda Valley of India: A review on pollution and prevention strategiesSubhadarsini Mohanty0Ankuri Benya1Sujata Hota2M. Santhosh Kumar3Shikha Singh4Department of Life Sciences, Rama Devi Women's University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IndiaDepartment of Life Sciences, Rama Devi Women's University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IndiaDepartment of Life Sciences, Rama Devi Women's University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IndiaDepartment of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, IndiaDepartment of Life Sciences, Rama Devi Women's University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; Corresponding author.Sukinda Valley of Jajpur district, Odisha contributes about 98% of India's total chromite reserves with about 334 million tons annual production rate globally, which plays a colossal role to strengthen the economy of our country and leads to sustainable development. The consequences related to chromite mining and excessive production of chromium have entitled this valley a “Valley of Despair”. A far-reaching production of different forms of chromite ore has bowed this area into a contamination-prone region due to the deposition of an unacceptable amount of chromium in the soil, sediment, groundwater and air of Sukinda. Around 1.8 lakh mining workers and nearby village dwellers are getting affected due to the presence of the forbidden amount of chromium ions. The foremost roots of exposure by humans are inhalation of contaminated air, accidental ingestion and contact absorption by skin. In the environment, chromium occurs in different forms and its level of toxicity also varies in each state. Chromium in its hexavalent form is bio-leachable and water-soluble. Thereby easily contaminates the water body which in turn becomes accessible to human beings and reacts with the cellular components. Long-term exposure to the human body may result in initiating several serious diseases like microcytic anaemia, mitochondrial and DNA damage of blood cells which in turn induces carcinogenicity, occupational asthma, airway hypersensitivity, nose, eye and skin irritation etc. The repercussion of chromium contamination at the terrestrial level is not endemic but also invades other sectors of the natural environment via the food chain and other means of transportation. Numerous on-going studies are yet to be carried out for the reduction and remediation of chromium from the contaminated environment. Nevertheless, this issue is worsening at a rapid rate making it difficult to tackle. The chromite mining activities in Sukinda Valley are creating difficulties for the livelihood as well as for the natural environment due to the discharge of massive amount of contaminants. The issue related to the chromium contamination is gigantic and needs urgent management and control strategies. Therefore, the present review focuses on the present scenario to combat deleterious effects initiated as a result of long-term exposure to metallic pollutant, Hexavalent Chromium [Cr(VI)] on the natural environment as well as on human health specifically on the health of mining workers and villagers residing near the Sukinda Valley, Odisha.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182623000024ChromiteHexavalent chromiumSukinda ValleyBio-remediationToxicityEnvironment |
| spellingShingle | Subhadarsini Mohanty Ankuri Benya Sujata Hota M. Santhosh Kumar Shikha Singh Eco-toxicity of hexavalent chromium and its adverse impact on environment and human health in Sukinda Valley of India: A review on pollution and prevention strategies Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Chromite Hexavalent chromium Sukinda Valley Bio-remediation Toxicity Environment |
| title | Eco-toxicity of hexavalent chromium and its adverse impact on environment and human health in Sukinda Valley of India: A review on pollution and prevention strategies |
| title_full | Eco-toxicity of hexavalent chromium and its adverse impact on environment and human health in Sukinda Valley of India: A review on pollution and prevention strategies |
| title_fullStr | Eco-toxicity of hexavalent chromium and its adverse impact on environment and human health in Sukinda Valley of India: A review on pollution and prevention strategies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Eco-toxicity of hexavalent chromium and its adverse impact on environment and human health in Sukinda Valley of India: A review on pollution and prevention strategies |
| title_short | Eco-toxicity of hexavalent chromium and its adverse impact on environment and human health in Sukinda Valley of India: A review on pollution and prevention strategies |
| title_sort | eco toxicity of hexavalent chromium and its adverse impact on environment and human health in sukinda valley of india a review on pollution and prevention strategies |
| topic | Chromite Hexavalent chromium Sukinda Valley Bio-remediation Toxicity Environment |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182623000024 |
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