Evaluation of Organic and Inorganic Foulant Interaction Using Modified Fouling Models in Constant Flux Dead-End Operation with Microfiltration Membranes
The goal of this study was to elucidate the interaction of complex feed solutions under modified membrane fouling models for constant flux operation. The polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (PVDF) was tested for three types of solutions containing inorganic foulants (Al, Mn, and Fe), organic foulants,...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Membranes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/13/11/853 |
| _version_ | 1797458432050069504 |
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| author | Muhammad Qasim Ali Akbar Imtiaz Afzal Khan Mumtaz Ali Eui-Jong Lee Kang Hoon Lee |
| author_facet | Muhammad Qasim Ali Akbar Imtiaz Afzal Khan Mumtaz Ali Eui-Jong Lee Kang Hoon Lee |
| author_sort | Muhammad Qasim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The goal of this study was to elucidate the interaction of complex feed solutions under modified membrane fouling models for constant flux operation. The polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (PVDF) was tested for three types of solutions containing inorganic foulants (Al, Mn, and Fe), organic foulants, and suspended solids at 0.5 mM Ca<sup>2+</sup> ionic strength. The membrane’s performance was evaluated by measuring the increase in transmembrane pressure (TMP) during two different filtration scenarios: continuous filtration lasting 1 h and cyclic filtration lasting 12 min, with 3 min backwashing cycles included. Statistical analysis (linear regression results (R<sup>2</sup>), <i>p</i>-value) was used to verify the fouling model propagation along with the determination of the contributing constant of each fouling model. An increasing TMP percentage of 164–302%, 155–300%, and 208–378% for S1 (HA + Ca<sup>2+</sup>), S2 (inorganics + kaolin + Ca<sup>2+</sup>), and S3 (HA + inorganics + kaolin + Ca<sup>2+</sup>) was recorded for 1 h filtration, respectively. Furthermore, a five percent increase in irreversible resistance was noted for the S3 solution due to the strong adsorption potential of foulants for the PVDF membrane caused by the electrostatic and hydration forces of foulants. In addition to that, the participation equation elucidated the contribution of the fouling model and confirmed that complete blocking and cake layer contribution were dominant for the S1 and S3 solutions, while standard blocking was dominant for the S2 solution with a high significance ratio. Moreover, R<sup>2</sup> and cyclic filtration analysis also confirmed the propagation of these fouling models. The statistical confirmation and regression results analysis of the modified model gave comparative results and satisfied the filtration mechanism and can be used for the constant flux dead filtration analysis of water treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:37:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-41de1e904d2847f883254e71dd6f844e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0375 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:37:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Membranes |
| spelling | doaj.art-41de1e904d2847f883254e71dd6f844e2023-11-24T14:55:13ZengMDPI AGMembranes2077-03752023-10-01131185310.3390/membranes13110853Evaluation of Organic and Inorganic Foulant Interaction Using Modified Fouling Models in Constant Flux Dead-End Operation with Microfiltration MembranesMuhammad Qasim0Ali Akbar1Imtiaz Afzal Khan2Mumtaz Ali3Eui-Jong Lee4Kang Hoon Lee5Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Lahore, Lahore Campus, 1-Km Defense Road, Lahore 54590, PakistanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology Lahore (Rachna Campus), Lahore 54890, PakistanInterdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Textile Engineering, National Textile University, Faislabad 37610, PakistanDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan-si 38453, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Energy and Environmental Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si 14662, Republic of KoreaThe goal of this study was to elucidate the interaction of complex feed solutions under modified membrane fouling models for constant flux operation. The polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (PVDF) was tested for three types of solutions containing inorganic foulants (Al, Mn, and Fe), organic foulants, and suspended solids at 0.5 mM Ca<sup>2+</sup> ionic strength. The membrane’s performance was evaluated by measuring the increase in transmembrane pressure (TMP) during two different filtration scenarios: continuous filtration lasting 1 h and cyclic filtration lasting 12 min, with 3 min backwashing cycles included. Statistical analysis (linear regression results (R<sup>2</sup>), <i>p</i>-value) was used to verify the fouling model propagation along with the determination of the contributing constant of each fouling model. An increasing TMP percentage of 164–302%, 155–300%, and 208–378% for S1 (HA + Ca<sup>2+</sup>), S2 (inorganics + kaolin + Ca<sup>2+</sup>), and S3 (HA + inorganics + kaolin + Ca<sup>2+</sup>) was recorded for 1 h filtration, respectively. Furthermore, a five percent increase in irreversible resistance was noted for the S3 solution due to the strong adsorption potential of foulants for the PVDF membrane caused by the electrostatic and hydration forces of foulants. In addition to that, the participation equation elucidated the contribution of the fouling model and confirmed that complete blocking and cake layer contribution were dominant for the S1 and S3 solutions, while standard blocking was dominant for the S2 solution with a high significance ratio. Moreover, R<sup>2</sup> and cyclic filtration analysis also confirmed the propagation of these fouling models. The statistical confirmation and regression results analysis of the modified model gave comparative results and satisfied the filtration mechanism and can be used for the constant flux dead filtration analysis of water treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/13/11/853constant fluxfouling modelsmembrane processwater treatment |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Qasim Ali Akbar Imtiaz Afzal Khan Mumtaz Ali Eui-Jong Lee Kang Hoon Lee Evaluation of Organic and Inorganic Foulant Interaction Using Modified Fouling Models in Constant Flux Dead-End Operation with Microfiltration Membranes Membranes constant flux fouling models membrane process water treatment |
| title | Evaluation of Organic and Inorganic Foulant Interaction Using Modified Fouling Models in Constant Flux Dead-End Operation with Microfiltration Membranes |
| title_full | Evaluation of Organic and Inorganic Foulant Interaction Using Modified Fouling Models in Constant Flux Dead-End Operation with Microfiltration Membranes |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Organic and Inorganic Foulant Interaction Using Modified Fouling Models in Constant Flux Dead-End Operation with Microfiltration Membranes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Organic and Inorganic Foulant Interaction Using Modified Fouling Models in Constant Flux Dead-End Operation with Microfiltration Membranes |
| title_short | Evaluation of Organic and Inorganic Foulant Interaction Using Modified Fouling Models in Constant Flux Dead-End Operation with Microfiltration Membranes |
| title_sort | evaluation of organic and inorganic foulant interaction using modified fouling models in constant flux dead end operation with microfiltration membranes |
| topic | constant flux fouling models membrane process water treatment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/13/11/853 |
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