Survey of CH3NH2 and its Formation Process
We present the observational results of a precursor of glycine, methylamine (CH _3 NH _2 ), together with methanol (CH _3 OH) and methanimine (CH _2 NH) for the high-mass star-forming regions NGC 6334I, G10.47+0.03, G31.41+0.3, and W51 e1/e2 using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. Th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acdb6d |
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| author | Taiki Suzuki Liton Majumdar Paul F. Goldsmith Kazuki Tokuda Harumi Minamoto Masatoshi Ohishi Masao Saito Tomoya Hirota Hideko Nomura Yoko Oya |
| author_facet | Taiki Suzuki Liton Majumdar Paul F. Goldsmith Kazuki Tokuda Harumi Minamoto Masatoshi Ohishi Masao Saito Tomoya Hirota Hideko Nomura Yoko Oya |
| author_sort | Taiki Suzuki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present the observational results of a precursor of glycine, methylamine (CH _3 NH _2 ), together with methanol (CH _3 OH) and methanimine (CH _2 NH) for the high-mass star-forming regions NGC 6334I, G10.47+0.03, G31.41+0.3, and W51 e1/e2 using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. The molecular abundances of these sources were derived using the CASSIS spectrum analyzer and compared with our state-of-the-art three-phase chemical model NAUTILUS . We found that the observed abundance ratio of CH _3 NH _2 /CH _3 OH is between 0.008 and 1.0 for all sources, except for NGC 6334I MM3, where a ratio less than 0.002 is found. This may be due to its later evolutionary stage relative to the other cores. We also found that the observed CH _3 NH _2 /CH _3 OH ratio agrees well with the three-phase chemical model NAUTILUS , which includes the formation of CH _3 NH _2 on the grain surface via a series of hydrogenation processes of HCN. This result clearly shows the importance of hydrogenation processes to form CH _3 NH _2 . |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T02:14:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-41dfef1380c3454a83635b9ba82fefed |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T02:14:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-41dfef1380c3454a83635b9ba82fefed2023-09-06T09:56:37ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-01954218910.3847/1538-4357/acdb6dSurvey of CH3NH2 and its Formation ProcessTaiki Suzuki0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3278-2513Liton Majumdar1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7031-8039Paul F. Goldsmith2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6622-8396Kazuki Tokuda3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2062-1600Harumi Minamoto4Masatoshi Ohishi5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2775-7487Masao Saito6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0769-8627Tomoya Hirota7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1659-095XHideko Nomura8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7058-7682Yoko Oya9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0197-8751Astrobiology Center , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan ; taiki.suzuki@nao.ac.jp; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, JapanSchool of Earth and Planetary Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research , Jatni 752050, Odisha, India ; dr.liton.majumdar@gmail.com; Homi Bhabha National Institute , Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, IndiaJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 48010 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USANational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, JapanDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, JapanNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, JapanCenter for Gravitational Physics and Quantum Information, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University , Kyoto, 606-8502, JapanWe present the observational results of a precursor of glycine, methylamine (CH _3 NH _2 ), together with methanol (CH _3 OH) and methanimine (CH _2 NH) for the high-mass star-forming regions NGC 6334I, G10.47+0.03, G31.41+0.3, and W51 e1/e2 using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. The molecular abundances of these sources were derived using the CASSIS spectrum analyzer and compared with our state-of-the-art three-phase chemical model NAUTILUS . We found that the observed abundance ratio of CH _3 NH _2 /CH _3 OH is between 0.008 and 1.0 for all sources, except for NGC 6334I MM3, where a ratio less than 0.002 is found. This may be due to its later evolutionary stage relative to the other cores. We also found that the observed CH _3 NH _2 /CH _3 OH ratio agrees well with the three-phase chemical model NAUTILUS , which includes the formation of CH _3 NH _2 on the grain surface via a series of hydrogenation processes of HCN. This result clearly shows the importance of hydrogenation processes to form CH _3 NH _2 .https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acdb6dAstrochemistry Interstellar mediumInterstellar moleculesInterstellar abundancesStar formation |
| spellingShingle | Taiki Suzuki Liton Majumdar Paul F. Goldsmith Kazuki Tokuda Harumi Minamoto Masatoshi Ohishi Masao Saito Tomoya Hirota Hideko Nomura Yoko Oya Survey of CH3NH2 and its Formation Process The Astrophysical Journal Astrochemistry Interstellar medium Interstellar molecules Interstellar abundances Star formation |
| title | Survey of CH3NH2 and its Formation Process |
| title_full | Survey of CH3NH2 and its Formation Process |
| title_fullStr | Survey of CH3NH2 and its Formation Process |
| title_full_unstemmed | Survey of CH3NH2 and its Formation Process |
| title_short | Survey of CH3NH2 and its Formation Process |
| title_sort | survey of ch3nh2 and its formation process |
| topic | Astrochemistry Interstellar medium Interstellar molecules Interstellar abundances Star formation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acdb6d |
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