Patients with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury and a Long Period of Evolution Exhibit an Altered Cytokine Production by CD4 and CD8 T Cell Populations
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a disabling neurological condition coursing with serious multisystem affections and morbidities. Changes in immune cell compartments have been consistently reported in previous works, representing a critical point of study for understanding the pathophysiology and progres...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/8/7048 |
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| author | Sergio Haro Girón Ana M. Gómez-Lahoz Jorge Monserrat Sanz Oscar Fraile-Martínez Diego J. Jiménez Cielo Garcia-Montero Diego de Leon-Oliva Miguel A. Ortega Mar Atienza-Perez David Diaz Elisa Lopez-Dolado Melchor Álvarez-Mon |
| author_facet | Sergio Haro Girón Ana M. Gómez-Lahoz Jorge Monserrat Sanz Oscar Fraile-Martínez Diego J. Jiménez Cielo Garcia-Montero Diego de Leon-Oliva Miguel A. Ortega Mar Atienza-Perez David Diaz Elisa Lopez-Dolado Melchor Álvarez-Mon |
| author_sort | Sergio Haro Girón |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a disabling neurological condition coursing with serious multisystem affections and morbidities. Changes in immune cell compartments have been consistently reported in previous works, representing a critical point of study for understanding the pathophysiology and progression of SCI from acute to chronic stages. Some relevant variations in circulating T cells have been noticed in patients with chronic SCI, although the number, distribution, and function of these populations remain to be fully elucidated. Likewise, the characterization of specific T cell subpopulations and their related cytokine production can aid in understanding the immunopathological role of T cells in SCI progression. In this sense, the objective of the present study was to analyze and quantify the total number of different cytokine-producers T cells in the serum of patients with chronic SCI (<i>n</i> = 105) in comparison to healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 38) by polychromatic flow cytometry. Having this goal, we studied CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes as well as naïve, effector, and effector/central memory subpopulations. SCI patients were classified according to the duration of the lesion in chronic SCI with a short period of evolution (SCI-SP) (comprised between 1 and 5 years since initial injury), early chronic phase (SCI-ECP) (between 5 and 15 years since initial injury) and late-chronic phase (SCI-LCP) (>15 years since initial injury). Our results show that patients with chronic SCI exhibited an altered immune profile of cytokine-producer T cells, including CD4/CD8 naïve, effector, and memory subpopulations in comparison to HC. In particular, IL-10 and IL-9 production seems to be importantly altered, especially in patients with SCI-LCP, whereas changes in IL-17, TNF-α, and IFN-γ T cell populations have also been reported in this and other chronic SCI groups. In conclusion, our study demonstrates an altered profile of cytokine-producer T cells in patients with chronic SCI, with marked changes throughout the course of the disease. In more detail, we have observed significant variations in cytokine production by circulating naive, effector, and effector/central memory CD4 and CD8 T cells. Future studies should be directed to explore the possible clinical consequences of these changes or develop additional translational approaches in these groups of patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:56:55Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:56:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-41e1c70e501643d9aec6b6fe360bc6b62023-11-17T19:34:23ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-04-01248704810.3390/ijms24087048Patients with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury and a Long Period of Evolution Exhibit an Altered Cytokine Production by CD4 and CD8 T Cell PopulationsSergio Haro Girón0Ana M. Gómez-Lahoz1Jorge Monserrat Sanz2Oscar Fraile-Martínez3Diego J. Jiménez4Cielo Garcia-Montero5Diego de Leon-Oliva6Miguel A. Ortega7Mar Atienza-Perez8David Diaz9Elisa Lopez-Dolado10Melchor Álvarez-Mon11Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainService of Rehabilitation, National Hospital for Paraplegic Patients, Carr. de la Peraleda, S/N, 45004 Toledo, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainService of Rehabilitation, National Hospital for Paraplegic Patients, Carr. de la Peraleda, S/N, 45004 Toledo, SpainDepartment of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, SpainSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a disabling neurological condition coursing with serious multisystem affections and morbidities. Changes in immune cell compartments have been consistently reported in previous works, representing a critical point of study for understanding the pathophysiology and progression of SCI from acute to chronic stages. Some relevant variations in circulating T cells have been noticed in patients with chronic SCI, although the number, distribution, and function of these populations remain to be fully elucidated. Likewise, the characterization of specific T cell subpopulations and their related cytokine production can aid in understanding the immunopathological role of T cells in SCI progression. In this sense, the objective of the present study was to analyze and quantify the total number of different cytokine-producers T cells in the serum of patients with chronic SCI (<i>n</i> = 105) in comparison to healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 38) by polychromatic flow cytometry. Having this goal, we studied CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes as well as naïve, effector, and effector/central memory subpopulations. SCI patients were classified according to the duration of the lesion in chronic SCI with a short period of evolution (SCI-SP) (comprised between 1 and 5 years since initial injury), early chronic phase (SCI-ECP) (between 5 and 15 years since initial injury) and late-chronic phase (SCI-LCP) (>15 years since initial injury). Our results show that patients with chronic SCI exhibited an altered immune profile of cytokine-producer T cells, including CD4/CD8 naïve, effector, and memory subpopulations in comparison to HC. In particular, IL-10 and IL-9 production seems to be importantly altered, especially in patients with SCI-LCP, whereas changes in IL-17, TNF-α, and IFN-γ T cell populations have also been reported in this and other chronic SCI groups. In conclusion, our study demonstrates an altered profile of cytokine-producer T cells in patients with chronic SCI, with marked changes throughout the course of the disease. In more detail, we have observed significant variations in cytokine production by circulating naive, effector, and effector/central memory CD4 and CD8 T cells. Future studies should be directed to explore the possible clinical consequences of these changes or develop additional translational approaches in these groups of patients.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/8/7048chronic spinal cord injury (SCI)T lymphocytesinterleukin 10 (IL-10)interleukin 9 |
| spellingShingle | Sergio Haro Girón Ana M. Gómez-Lahoz Jorge Monserrat Sanz Oscar Fraile-Martínez Diego J. Jiménez Cielo Garcia-Montero Diego de Leon-Oliva Miguel A. Ortega Mar Atienza-Perez David Diaz Elisa Lopez-Dolado Melchor Álvarez-Mon Patients with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury and a Long Period of Evolution Exhibit an Altered Cytokine Production by CD4 and CD8 T Cell Populations International Journal of Molecular Sciences chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) T lymphocytes interleukin 10 (IL-10) interleukin 9 |
| title | Patients with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury and a Long Period of Evolution Exhibit an Altered Cytokine Production by CD4 and CD8 T Cell Populations |
| title_full | Patients with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury and a Long Period of Evolution Exhibit an Altered Cytokine Production by CD4 and CD8 T Cell Populations |
| title_fullStr | Patients with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury and a Long Period of Evolution Exhibit an Altered Cytokine Production by CD4 and CD8 T Cell Populations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Patients with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury and a Long Period of Evolution Exhibit an Altered Cytokine Production by CD4 and CD8 T Cell Populations |
| title_short | Patients with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury and a Long Period of Evolution Exhibit an Altered Cytokine Production by CD4 and CD8 T Cell Populations |
| title_sort | patients with chronic spinal cord injury and a long period of evolution exhibit an altered cytokine production by cd4 and cd8 t cell populations |
| topic | chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) T lymphocytes interleukin 10 (IL-10) interleukin 9 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/8/7048 |
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