Improvement of the Antimicrobial Activity of Oregano Oil by Encapsulation in Chitosan—Alginate Nanoparticles
Oregano oil (OrO) possesses well-pronounced antimicrobial properties but its application is limited due to low water solubility and possible instability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility to incorporate OrO in an aqueous dispersion of chitosan—alginate nanoparticles and how this...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/22/7017 |
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| author | Krassimira Yoncheva Niko Benbassat Maya M. Zaharieva Lyudmila Dimitrova Alexander Kroumov Ivanka Spassova Daniela Kovacheva Hristo M. Najdenski |
| author_facet | Krassimira Yoncheva Niko Benbassat Maya M. Zaharieva Lyudmila Dimitrova Alexander Kroumov Ivanka Spassova Daniela Kovacheva Hristo M. Najdenski |
| author_sort | Krassimira Yoncheva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Oregano oil (OrO) possesses well-pronounced antimicrobial properties but its application is limited due to low water solubility and possible instability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility to incorporate OrO in an aqueous dispersion of chitosan—alginate nanoparticles and how this will affect its antimicrobial activity. The encapsulation of OrO was performed by emulsification and consequent electrostatic gelation of both polysaccharides. OrO-loaded nanoparticles (OrO-NP) have small size (320 nm) and negative charge (−25 mV). The data from FTIR spectroscopy and XRD analyses reveal successful encapsulation of the oil into the nanoparticles. The results of thermogravimetry suggest improved thermal stability of the encapsulated oil. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of OrO-NP determined on a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens (ISO 20776-1:2006) are 4–32-fold lower than those of OrO. OrO-NP inhibit the respiratory activity of the bacteria (MTT assay) to a lower extent than OrO; however, the minimal bactericidal concentrations still remain significantly lower. OrO-NP exhibit significantly lower in vitro cytotoxicity than pure OrO on the HaCaT cell line as determined by ISO 10993-5:2009. The irritation test (ISO 10993-10) shows no signs of irritation or edema on the application site. In conclusion, the nanodelivery system of oregano oil possesses strong antimicrobial activity and is promising for development of food additives. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:13:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-41e1e73cb38340c68a95ee8dbac4a064 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:13:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-41e1e73cb38340c68a95ee8dbac4a0642023-11-23T00:37:17ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-11-012622701710.3390/molecules26227017Improvement of the Antimicrobial Activity of Oregano Oil by Encapsulation in Chitosan—Alginate NanoparticlesKrassimira Yoncheva0Niko Benbassat1Maya M. Zaharieva2Lyudmila Dimitrova3Alexander Kroumov4Ivanka Spassova5Daniela Kovacheva6Hristo M. Najdenski7Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, BulgariaFaculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, BulgariaThe Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaThe Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaThe Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaInstitute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaInstitute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaThe Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaOregano oil (OrO) possesses well-pronounced antimicrobial properties but its application is limited due to low water solubility and possible instability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility to incorporate OrO in an aqueous dispersion of chitosan—alginate nanoparticles and how this will affect its antimicrobial activity. The encapsulation of OrO was performed by emulsification and consequent electrostatic gelation of both polysaccharides. OrO-loaded nanoparticles (OrO-NP) have small size (320 nm) and negative charge (−25 mV). The data from FTIR spectroscopy and XRD analyses reveal successful encapsulation of the oil into the nanoparticles. The results of thermogravimetry suggest improved thermal stability of the encapsulated oil. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of OrO-NP determined on a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens (ISO 20776-1:2006) are 4–32-fold lower than those of OrO. OrO-NP inhibit the respiratory activity of the bacteria (MTT assay) to a lower extent than OrO; however, the minimal bactericidal concentrations still remain significantly lower. OrO-NP exhibit significantly lower in vitro cytotoxicity than pure OrO on the HaCaT cell line as determined by ISO 10993-5:2009. The irritation test (ISO 10993-10) shows no signs of irritation or edema on the application site. In conclusion, the nanodelivery system of oregano oil possesses strong antimicrobial activity and is promising for development of food additives.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/22/7017oregano oilchitosan—alginate nanoparticlesantimicrobial activityin vitro cytotoxicityskin irritation test |
| spellingShingle | Krassimira Yoncheva Niko Benbassat Maya M. Zaharieva Lyudmila Dimitrova Alexander Kroumov Ivanka Spassova Daniela Kovacheva Hristo M. Najdenski Improvement of the Antimicrobial Activity of Oregano Oil by Encapsulation in Chitosan—Alginate Nanoparticles Molecules oregano oil chitosan—alginate nanoparticles antimicrobial activity in vitro cytotoxicity skin irritation test |
| title | Improvement of the Antimicrobial Activity of Oregano Oil by Encapsulation in Chitosan—Alginate Nanoparticles |
| title_full | Improvement of the Antimicrobial Activity of Oregano Oil by Encapsulation in Chitosan—Alginate Nanoparticles |
| title_fullStr | Improvement of the Antimicrobial Activity of Oregano Oil by Encapsulation in Chitosan—Alginate Nanoparticles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improvement of the Antimicrobial Activity of Oregano Oil by Encapsulation in Chitosan—Alginate Nanoparticles |
| title_short | Improvement of the Antimicrobial Activity of Oregano Oil by Encapsulation in Chitosan—Alginate Nanoparticles |
| title_sort | improvement of the antimicrobial activity of oregano oil by encapsulation in chitosan alginate nanoparticles |
| topic | oregano oil chitosan—alginate nanoparticles antimicrobial activity in vitro cytotoxicity skin irritation test |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/22/7017 |
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