Deficit Water Irrigation in an Almond Orchard Can Reduce Pest Damage
Irrigated almond orchards in Spain are increasing in acreage, and it is pertinent to study the effect of deficit irrigation on the presence of pests, plant damage, and other arthropod communities. In an orchard examined from 2017 to 2020, arthropods and diseases were studied by visual sampling under...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/12/2486 |
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| author | José Enrique González-Zamora Cristina Ruiz-Aranda María Rebollo-Valera Juan M. Rodríguez-Morales Salvador Gutiérrez-Jiménez |
| author_facet | José Enrique González-Zamora Cristina Ruiz-Aranda María Rebollo-Valera Juan M. Rodríguez-Morales Salvador Gutiérrez-Jiménez |
| author_sort | José Enrique González-Zamora |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Irrigated almond orchards in Spain are increasing in acreage, and it is pertinent to study the effect of deficit irrigation on the presence of pests, plant damage, and other arthropod communities. In an orchard examined from 2017 to 2020, arthropods and diseases were studied by visual sampling under two irrigation treatments (T1, control and T2, regulated deficit irrigation (RDI)). Univariate analysis showed no influence of irrigation on the aphid <i>Hyalopterus amygdali</i> (Blanchard) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) population and damage, but <i>Tetranychus urticae</i> Koch (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae) damage on leaves was significantly less (50–60% reduction in damaged leaf area) in the T2 RDI treatment compared to the full irrigation T1 control in 2019 and 2020. Typhlocybinae (principal species <i>Asymmetrasca decedens</i> (Paoli) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)) population was also significantly lower under T2 RDI treatment. Chrysopidae and Phytoseiidae, important groups in the biological control of pests, were not affected by irrigation treatment. The most important diseases observed in the orchard were not, in general, affected by irrigation treatment. The multivariate principal response curves show significant differences between irrigation strategies in 2019 and 2020. In conclusion, irrigation schemes with restricted water use (such as T2 RDI) can help reduce the foliar damage of important pests and the abundance of other secondary pests in almond orchards. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:40:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-41e31bca0fd44f69967716316e63e34e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:40:21Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-41e31bca0fd44f69967716316e63e34e2023-11-23T03:22:37ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-12-011112248610.3390/agronomy11122486Deficit Water Irrigation in an Almond Orchard Can Reduce Pest DamageJosé Enrique González-Zamora0Cristina Ruiz-Aranda1María Rebollo-Valera2Juan M. Rodríguez-Morales3Salvador Gutiérrez-Jiménez4Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, SpainDepartamento de Agronomía, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, SpainDepartamento de Agronomía, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, SpainDepartamento de Agronomía, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, SpainDepartamento de Agronomía, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, SpainIrrigated almond orchards in Spain are increasing in acreage, and it is pertinent to study the effect of deficit irrigation on the presence of pests, plant damage, and other arthropod communities. In an orchard examined from 2017 to 2020, arthropods and diseases were studied by visual sampling under two irrigation treatments (T1, control and T2, regulated deficit irrigation (RDI)). Univariate analysis showed no influence of irrigation on the aphid <i>Hyalopterus amygdali</i> (Blanchard) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) population and damage, but <i>Tetranychus urticae</i> Koch (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae) damage on leaves was significantly less (50–60% reduction in damaged leaf area) in the T2 RDI treatment compared to the full irrigation T1 control in 2019 and 2020. Typhlocybinae (principal species <i>Asymmetrasca decedens</i> (Paoli) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)) population was also significantly lower under T2 RDI treatment. Chrysopidae and Phytoseiidae, important groups in the biological control of pests, were not affected by irrigation treatment. The most important diseases observed in the orchard were not, in general, affected by irrigation treatment. The multivariate principal response curves show significant differences between irrigation strategies in 2019 and 2020. In conclusion, irrigation schemes with restricted water use (such as T2 RDI) can help reduce the foliar damage of important pests and the abundance of other secondary pests in almond orchards.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/12/2486leaf damage<i>Tetranychus urticae</i><i>Asymmetrasca decedens</i><i>Stigmina carpophila</i><i>Polystigma amygdalinum</i> |
| spellingShingle | José Enrique González-Zamora Cristina Ruiz-Aranda María Rebollo-Valera Juan M. Rodríguez-Morales Salvador Gutiérrez-Jiménez Deficit Water Irrigation in an Almond Orchard Can Reduce Pest Damage Agronomy leaf damage <i>Tetranychus urticae</i> <i>Asymmetrasca decedens</i> <i>Stigmina carpophila</i> <i>Polystigma amygdalinum</i> |
| title | Deficit Water Irrigation in an Almond Orchard Can Reduce Pest Damage |
| title_full | Deficit Water Irrigation in an Almond Orchard Can Reduce Pest Damage |
| title_fullStr | Deficit Water Irrigation in an Almond Orchard Can Reduce Pest Damage |
| title_full_unstemmed | Deficit Water Irrigation in an Almond Orchard Can Reduce Pest Damage |
| title_short | Deficit Water Irrigation in an Almond Orchard Can Reduce Pest Damage |
| title_sort | deficit water irrigation in an almond orchard can reduce pest damage |
| topic | leaf damage <i>Tetranychus urticae</i> <i>Asymmetrasca decedens</i> <i>Stigmina carpophila</i> <i>Polystigma amygdalinum</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/12/2486 |
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