Long-Term (2002–2021) Trend in Nutrient-Related Pollution at Small Stratified Inland Estuaries, the Kishon SE Mediterranean Case
Nutrient pollution may negatively affect the water quality and ecological status of rivers and estuaries worldwide, specifically in stratified and small inland estuaries. We present a long-term, two-decade data set of dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll-<i>a</i> (chl...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/3/484 |
| _version_ | 1797623107314253824 |
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| author | Barak Herut Yaron Gertner Yael Segal Guy Sisma-Ventura Nurit Gordon Natalia Belkin Eyal Rahav |
| author_facet | Barak Herut Yaron Gertner Yael Segal Guy Sisma-Ventura Nurit Gordon Natalia Belkin Eyal Rahav |
| author_sort | Barak Herut |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nutrient pollution may negatively affect the water quality and ecological status of rivers and estuaries worldwide, specifically in stratified and small inland estuaries. We present a long-term, two-decade data set of dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll-<i>a</i> (chl-<i>a</i>), dissolved oxygen (DO), and potentially toxic algal cell concentrations at the Kishon River estuary (Israel) as a case study for assessing nutrient ecological thresholds in such type of estuaries, prevalent along the Mediterranean coast of Israel. In-situ measurements and water samples were collected at 3 permanent stations at the lower part of the estuary every March and October/November in 40 campaigns over the years 2002 to 2021. In spite of an improvement in nutrient loads and concentrations as recorded over the last 2 decades, the nutrient and chl-<i>a</i> levels at the Kishon estuary surface water represent mostly a ‘bad’ or ‘moderate’ ecological state, considering the recommended thresholds discussed in this study. It is suggested to develop a combined suite of nutrient and biological variables for assessing Good Environmental Status (GES), considering the relatively high residence time of such small, low-flow estuarine water bodies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:19:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-41e849c7ee29422fae7f41a269083ac9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:19:43Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-41e849c7ee29422fae7f41a269083ac92023-11-16T18:23:18ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412023-01-0115348410.3390/w15030484Long-Term (2002–2021) Trend in Nutrient-Related Pollution at Small Stratified Inland Estuaries, the Kishon SE Mediterranean CaseBarak Herut0Yaron Gertner1Yael Segal2Guy Sisma-Ventura3Nurit Gordon4Natalia Belkin5Eyal Rahav6Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 3108001, IsraelIsrael Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 3108001, IsraelIsrael Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 3108001, IsraelIsrael Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 3108001, IsraelIsrael Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 3108001, IsraelIsrael Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 3108001, IsraelIsrael Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa 3108001, IsraelNutrient pollution may negatively affect the water quality and ecological status of rivers and estuaries worldwide, specifically in stratified and small inland estuaries. We present a long-term, two-decade data set of dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll-<i>a</i> (chl-<i>a</i>), dissolved oxygen (DO), and potentially toxic algal cell concentrations at the Kishon River estuary (Israel) as a case study for assessing nutrient ecological thresholds in such type of estuaries, prevalent along the Mediterranean coast of Israel. In-situ measurements and water samples were collected at 3 permanent stations at the lower part of the estuary every March and October/November in 40 campaigns over the years 2002 to 2021. In spite of an improvement in nutrient loads and concentrations as recorded over the last 2 decades, the nutrient and chl-<i>a</i> levels at the Kishon estuary surface water represent mostly a ‘bad’ or ‘moderate’ ecological state, considering the recommended thresholds discussed in this study. It is suggested to develop a combined suite of nutrient and biological variables for assessing Good Environmental Status (GES), considering the relatively high residence time of such small, low-flow estuarine water bodies.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/3/484nutrientsriverestuarywater qualitypollutionseawater |
| spellingShingle | Barak Herut Yaron Gertner Yael Segal Guy Sisma-Ventura Nurit Gordon Natalia Belkin Eyal Rahav Long-Term (2002–2021) Trend in Nutrient-Related Pollution at Small Stratified Inland Estuaries, the Kishon SE Mediterranean Case Water nutrients river estuary water quality pollution seawater |
| title | Long-Term (2002–2021) Trend in Nutrient-Related Pollution at Small Stratified Inland Estuaries, the Kishon SE Mediterranean Case |
| title_full | Long-Term (2002–2021) Trend in Nutrient-Related Pollution at Small Stratified Inland Estuaries, the Kishon SE Mediterranean Case |
| title_fullStr | Long-Term (2002–2021) Trend in Nutrient-Related Pollution at Small Stratified Inland Estuaries, the Kishon SE Mediterranean Case |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long-Term (2002–2021) Trend in Nutrient-Related Pollution at Small Stratified Inland Estuaries, the Kishon SE Mediterranean Case |
| title_short | Long-Term (2002–2021) Trend in Nutrient-Related Pollution at Small Stratified Inland Estuaries, the Kishon SE Mediterranean Case |
| title_sort | long term 2002 2021 trend in nutrient related pollution at small stratified inland estuaries the kishon se mediterranean case |
| topic | nutrients river estuary water quality pollution seawater |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/3/484 |
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