The Cytokine Network in Colorectal Cancer: Implications for New Treatment Strategies
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent tumor entities worldwide with only limited therapeutic options. CRC is not only a genetic disease with several mutations in specific oncogenes and/or tumor suppressor genes such as APC, KRAS, PIC3CA, BRAF, SMAD4 or TP53 but also a multifactorial di...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/1/138 |
| _version_ | 1797626026691395584 |
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| author | Heidi Braumüller Bernhard Mauerer Johanna Andris Christopher Berlin Thomas Wieder Rebecca Kesselring |
| author_facet | Heidi Braumüller Bernhard Mauerer Johanna Andris Christopher Berlin Thomas Wieder Rebecca Kesselring |
| author_sort | Heidi Braumüller |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent tumor entities worldwide with only limited therapeutic options. CRC is not only a genetic disease with several mutations in specific oncogenes and/or tumor suppressor genes such as APC, KRAS, PIC3CA, BRAF, SMAD4 or TP53 but also a multifactorial disease including environmental factors. Cancer cells communicate with their environment mostly via soluble factors such as cytokines, chemokines or growth factors to generate a favorable tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME, a heterogeneous population of differentiated and progenitor cells, plays a critical role in regulating tumor development, growth, invasion, metastasis and therapy resistance. In this context, cytokines from cancer cells and cells of the TME influence each other, eliciting an inflammatory milieu that can either enhance or suppress tumor growth and metastasis. Additionally, several lines of evidence exist that the composition of the microbiota regulates inflammatory processes, controlled by cytokine secretion, that play a role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In this review, we discuss the cytokine networks between cancer cells and the TME and microbiome in colorectal cancer and the related treatment strategies, with the goal to discuss cytokine-mediated strategies that could overcome the common therapeutic resistance of CRC tumors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:04:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-41ea724702614176aefd57980ed8b55a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:04:46Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-41ea724702614176aefd57980ed8b55a2023-11-16T15:06:36ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092022-12-0112113810.3390/cells12010138The Cytokine Network in Colorectal Cancer: Implications for New Treatment StrategiesHeidi Braumüller0Bernhard Mauerer1Johanna Andris2Christopher Berlin3Thomas Wieder4Rebecca Kesselring5Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, GermanyDepartment of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, GermanyColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent tumor entities worldwide with only limited therapeutic options. CRC is not only a genetic disease with several mutations in specific oncogenes and/or tumor suppressor genes such as APC, KRAS, PIC3CA, BRAF, SMAD4 or TP53 but also a multifactorial disease including environmental factors. Cancer cells communicate with their environment mostly via soluble factors such as cytokines, chemokines or growth factors to generate a favorable tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME, a heterogeneous population of differentiated and progenitor cells, plays a critical role in regulating tumor development, growth, invasion, metastasis and therapy resistance. In this context, cytokines from cancer cells and cells of the TME influence each other, eliciting an inflammatory milieu that can either enhance or suppress tumor growth and metastasis. Additionally, several lines of evidence exist that the composition of the microbiota regulates inflammatory processes, controlled by cytokine secretion, that play a role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In this review, we discuss the cytokine networks between cancer cells and the TME and microbiome in colorectal cancer and the related treatment strategies, with the goal to discuss cytokine-mediated strategies that could overcome the common therapeutic resistance of CRC tumors.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/1/138interferoninterleukintumor necrosis factortumor microenvironmenttumor progressiontumor surveillance |
| spellingShingle | Heidi Braumüller Bernhard Mauerer Johanna Andris Christopher Berlin Thomas Wieder Rebecca Kesselring The Cytokine Network in Colorectal Cancer: Implications for New Treatment Strategies Cells interferon interleukin tumor necrosis factor tumor microenvironment tumor progression tumor surveillance |
| title | The Cytokine Network in Colorectal Cancer: Implications for New Treatment Strategies |
| title_full | The Cytokine Network in Colorectal Cancer: Implications for New Treatment Strategies |
| title_fullStr | The Cytokine Network in Colorectal Cancer: Implications for New Treatment Strategies |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Cytokine Network in Colorectal Cancer: Implications for New Treatment Strategies |
| title_short | The Cytokine Network in Colorectal Cancer: Implications for New Treatment Strategies |
| title_sort | cytokine network in colorectal cancer implications for new treatment strategies |
| topic | interferon interleukin tumor necrosis factor tumor microenvironment tumor progression tumor surveillance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/1/138 |
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