Appendage Regeneration in Vertebrates: What Makes This Possible?
The ability to regenerate amputated or injured tissues and organs is a fascinating property shared by several invertebrates and, interestingly, some vertebrates. The mechanism of evolutionary loss of regeneration in mammals is not understood, yet from the biomedical and clinical point of view, it wo...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Cells |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/2/242 |
| _version_ | 1797406967528947712 |
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| author | Valentina Daponte Przemko Tylzanowski Antonella Forlino |
| author_facet | Valentina Daponte Przemko Tylzanowski Antonella Forlino |
| author_sort | Valentina Daponte |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The ability to regenerate amputated or injured tissues and organs is a fascinating property shared by several invertebrates and, interestingly, some vertebrates. The mechanism of evolutionary loss of regeneration in mammals is not understood, yet from the biomedical and clinical point of view, it would be very beneficial to be able, at least partially, to restore that capability. The current availability of new experimental tools, facilitating the comparative study of models with high regenerative ability, provides a powerful instrument to unveil what is needed for a successful regeneration. The present review provides an updated overview of multiple aspects of appendage regeneration in three vertebrates: lizard, salamander, and zebrafish. The deep investigation of this process points to common mechanisms, including the relevance of Wnt/β-catenin and FGF signaling for the restoration of a functional appendage. We discuss the formation and cellular origin of the blastema and the identification of epigenetic and cellular changes and molecular pathways shared by vertebrates capable of regeneration. Understanding the similarities, being aware of the differences of the processes, during lizard, salamander, and zebrafish regeneration can provide a useful guide for supporting effective regenerative strategies in mammals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:34:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-41f30688b2874728b6bc1f814760962c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:34:27Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-41f30688b2874728b6bc1f814760962c2023-12-03T14:51:05ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092021-01-0110224210.3390/cells10020242Appendage Regeneration in Vertebrates: What Makes This Possible?Valentina Daponte0Przemko Tylzanowski1Antonella Forlino2Biochemistry Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 3/B, 27100 Pavia, ItalySkeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, BelgiumBiochemistry Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 3/B, 27100 Pavia, ItalyThe ability to regenerate amputated or injured tissues and organs is a fascinating property shared by several invertebrates and, interestingly, some vertebrates. The mechanism of evolutionary loss of regeneration in mammals is not understood, yet from the biomedical and clinical point of view, it would be very beneficial to be able, at least partially, to restore that capability. The current availability of new experimental tools, facilitating the comparative study of models with high regenerative ability, provides a powerful instrument to unveil what is needed for a successful regeneration. The present review provides an updated overview of multiple aspects of appendage regeneration in three vertebrates: lizard, salamander, and zebrafish. The deep investigation of this process points to common mechanisms, including the relevance of Wnt/β-catenin and FGF signaling for the restoration of a functional appendage. We discuss the formation and cellular origin of the blastema and the identification of epigenetic and cellular changes and molecular pathways shared by vertebrates capable of regeneration. Understanding the similarities, being aware of the differences of the processes, during lizard, salamander, and zebrafish regeneration can provide a useful guide for supporting effective regenerative strategies in mammals.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/2/242appendage regenerationWNT/β cateninFGFlizardsalamanderzebrafish |
| spellingShingle | Valentina Daponte Przemko Tylzanowski Antonella Forlino Appendage Regeneration in Vertebrates: What Makes This Possible? Cells appendage regeneration WNT/β catenin FGF lizard salamander zebrafish |
| title | Appendage Regeneration in Vertebrates: What Makes This Possible? |
| title_full | Appendage Regeneration in Vertebrates: What Makes This Possible? |
| title_fullStr | Appendage Regeneration in Vertebrates: What Makes This Possible? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Appendage Regeneration in Vertebrates: What Makes This Possible? |
| title_short | Appendage Regeneration in Vertebrates: What Makes This Possible? |
| title_sort | appendage regeneration in vertebrates what makes this possible |
| topic | appendage regeneration WNT/β catenin FGF lizard salamander zebrafish |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/2/242 |
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