Factors Associated with Obstetric Violence Implicated in the Development of Postpartum Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review
Postpartum depression (PPD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) continue to be prevalent, and disabling women with mental disorders and obstetric violence (OV) may be a trigger for them, particularly during maternity. We aimed to analyze the association between manifestations of OV with the de...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Nursing Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4403/13/4/130 |
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| author | Claudia Susana Silva-Fernandez Maria de la Calle Silvia M. Arribas Eva Garrosa David Ramiro-Cortijo |
| author_facet | Claudia Susana Silva-Fernandez Maria de la Calle Silvia M. Arribas Eva Garrosa David Ramiro-Cortijo |
| author_sort | Claudia Susana Silva-Fernandez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Postpartum depression (PPD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) continue to be prevalent, and disabling women with mental disorders and obstetric violence (OV) may be a trigger for them, particularly during maternity. We aimed to analyze the association between manifestations of OV with the development of PPD and PTSD during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. This systematic review was based on the PRISMA 2020 statement and explored original articles published between 2012 and 2022. A total of 21 articles were included in the analysis, and bias was assessed by the Effective Public Health Practice Project’s Quality Assessment Tool. The highest rate of PPD symptoms appeared in women under 20 years old, multiparous, and with low education levels. The higher PTSD ratio was present in women under 35 years, primiparous, and with secondary studies. The mode of labor (instrumental or C-section) was identified as a major risk factor of PPD, being mediator variables of the informal coercion of health professionals and dissatisfaction with newborn healthcare. Instead, partner support during labor and high satisfaction with healthcare during birth were protective factors. Regarding PTSD, the mode of labor, several perineal tears, and the Kristeller technique were risk factors, and loss of autonomy and coercion modulated PTSD symptomatology. The protective factors for PTSD were respect for the labor plan, adequate communication with health professionals, social support during labor, and the skin-to-skin procedure. This systematic review provides evidence that OV contributes to PPD and PTSD, being important in developing standardized tools to prevent it. This study recommends changes in maternal healthcare policies, such as individualized healthcare assistance, humanized pregnancy protocols, and women’s mental health follow-up, and improvements in the methodological quality of future research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:27:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-41fa000e99874c4598a05781eaee2141 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2039-439X 2039-4403 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:27:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nursing Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-41fa000e99874c4598a05781eaee21412023-12-22T14:29:43ZengMDPI AGNursing Reports2039-439X2039-44032023-11-011341553157610.3390/nursrep13040130Factors Associated with Obstetric Violence Implicated in the Development of Postpartum Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic ReviewClaudia Susana Silva-Fernandez0Maria de la Calle1Silvia M. Arribas2Eva Garrosa3David Ramiro-Cortijo4Department of Biological & Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Ivan Pavlov 6, 28049 Madrid, SpainObstetric and Gynecology Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Biological & Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Ivan Pavlov 6, 28049 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo 2, 28029 Madrid, SpainPostpartum depression (PPD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) continue to be prevalent, and disabling women with mental disorders and obstetric violence (OV) may be a trigger for them, particularly during maternity. We aimed to analyze the association between manifestations of OV with the development of PPD and PTSD during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. This systematic review was based on the PRISMA 2020 statement and explored original articles published between 2012 and 2022. A total of 21 articles were included in the analysis, and bias was assessed by the Effective Public Health Practice Project’s Quality Assessment Tool. The highest rate of PPD symptoms appeared in women under 20 years old, multiparous, and with low education levels. The higher PTSD ratio was present in women under 35 years, primiparous, and with secondary studies. The mode of labor (instrumental or C-section) was identified as a major risk factor of PPD, being mediator variables of the informal coercion of health professionals and dissatisfaction with newborn healthcare. Instead, partner support during labor and high satisfaction with healthcare during birth were protective factors. Regarding PTSD, the mode of labor, several perineal tears, and the Kristeller technique were risk factors, and loss of autonomy and coercion modulated PTSD symptomatology. The protective factors for PTSD were respect for the labor plan, adequate communication with health professionals, social support during labor, and the skin-to-skin procedure. This systematic review provides evidence that OV contributes to PPD and PTSD, being important in developing standardized tools to prevent it. This study recommends changes in maternal healthcare policies, such as individualized healthcare assistance, humanized pregnancy protocols, and women’s mental health follow-up, and improvements in the methodological quality of future research.https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4403/13/4/130postpartum depressionpost-traumatic stress disordermaternal mental healthwomen’s healthobstetric violenceobstetric vulnerability |
| spellingShingle | Claudia Susana Silva-Fernandez Maria de la Calle Silvia M. Arribas Eva Garrosa David Ramiro-Cortijo Factors Associated with Obstetric Violence Implicated in the Development of Postpartum Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review Nursing Reports postpartum depression post-traumatic stress disorder maternal mental health women’s health obstetric violence obstetric vulnerability |
| title | Factors Associated with Obstetric Violence Implicated in the Development of Postpartum Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review |
| title_full | Factors Associated with Obstetric Violence Implicated in the Development of Postpartum Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | Factors Associated with Obstetric Violence Implicated in the Development of Postpartum Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Factors Associated with Obstetric Violence Implicated in the Development of Postpartum Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review |
| title_short | Factors Associated with Obstetric Violence Implicated in the Development of Postpartum Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review |
| title_sort | factors associated with obstetric violence implicated in the development of postpartum depression and post traumatic stress disorder a systematic review |
| topic | postpartum depression post-traumatic stress disorder maternal mental health women’s health obstetric violence obstetric vulnerability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4403/13/4/130 |
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