Investigation of the Deformation Failure Occurring When Extracting Minerals via Underground Mining: A Case Study
Metal mines mined using the sublevel caving method often exhibit various environmental problems on the ground surface. This can affect the safety of the production process in the mining area. A numerical model using Universal Distinct Element Code has been established to investigate deformation fail...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Minerals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/8/1025 |
| _version_ | 1797443212470648832 |
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| author | Xuanting Liu Congxin Chen Xiumin Liu Kaizong Xia Tianlong Wang |
| author_facet | Xuanting Liu Congxin Chen Xiumin Liu Kaizong Xia Tianlong Wang |
| author_sort | Xuanting Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Metal mines mined using the sublevel caving method often exhibit various environmental problems on the ground surface. This can affect the safety of the production process in the mining area. A numerical model using Universal Distinct Element Code has been established to investigate deformation failure giving rise to this underground mining. The calculations are combined with in-situ monitoring data collected over a period of 10 years. The results indicate that the strata movement in the footwall can be divided into two stages: an arch caving development stage and post arch caving development stage. Mining disturbance is the main cause of caving in the arch caving development stage. The overlying strata experience ‘caving–stability–caving’, leading to the formation of an ‘arch-shaped’ caving pattern. In the post arch caving development stage, flexural-toppling deformation occurs in the strata in the direction of the collapse pit due to the tectonic stress present and high dip angles of the discontinuities. Through-going failure surface has been analyzed by studying the plastic state and displacement of elements. The formation of through-going failure surface is related to the flexural-toppling deformation and stress concentration caused by mining activities. Based on the different failure mechanisms, an efficient partition has been proposed such that the footwall can be divided into a stable zone, flexural-toppling failure zone, compression and slipping-toppling failure zone, and shear-slipping failure zone. The results are a useful reference when applied to the Chengchao Iron Mine and other similar metal mines. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:52:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-421af5a91de74a73aa5e864d4cfeb505 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-163X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:52:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Minerals |
| spelling | doaj.art-421af5a91de74a73aa5e864d4cfeb5052023-11-30T22:03:38ZengMDPI AGMinerals2075-163X2022-08-01128102510.3390/min12081025Investigation of the Deformation Failure Occurring When Extracting Minerals via Underground Mining: A Case StudyXuanting Liu0Congxin Chen1Xiumin Liu2Kaizong Xia3Tianlong Wang4State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, ChinaMetal mines mined using the sublevel caving method often exhibit various environmental problems on the ground surface. This can affect the safety of the production process in the mining area. A numerical model using Universal Distinct Element Code has been established to investigate deformation failure giving rise to this underground mining. The calculations are combined with in-situ monitoring data collected over a period of 10 years. The results indicate that the strata movement in the footwall can be divided into two stages: an arch caving development stage and post arch caving development stage. Mining disturbance is the main cause of caving in the arch caving development stage. The overlying strata experience ‘caving–stability–caving’, leading to the formation of an ‘arch-shaped’ caving pattern. In the post arch caving development stage, flexural-toppling deformation occurs in the strata in the direction of the collapse pit due to the tectonic stress present and high dip angles of the discontinuities. Through-going failure surface has been analyzed by studying the plastic state and displacement of elements. The formation of through-going failure surface is related to the flexural-toppling deformation and stress concentration caused by mining activities. Based on the different failure mechanisms, an efficient partition has been proposed such that the footwall can be divided into a stable zone, flexural-toppling failure zone, compression and slipping-toppling failure zone, and shear-slipping failure zone. The results are a useful reference when applied to the Chengchao Iron Mine and other similar metal mines.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/8/1025metal mineunderground orebody excavationsublevel caving methodstrata movementmining disturbancedeformation failure |
| spellingShingle | Xuanting Liu Congxin Chen Xiumin Liu Kaizong Xia Tianlong Wang Investigation of the Deformation Failure Occurring When Extracting Minerals via Underground Mining: A Case Study Minerals metal mine underground orebody excavation sublevel caving method strata movement mining disturbance deformation failure |
| title | Investigation of the Deformation Failure Occurring When Extracting Minerals via Underground Mining: A Case Study |
| title_full | Investigation of the Deformation Failure Occurring When Extracting Minerals via Underground Mining: A Case Study |
| title_fullStr | Investigation of the Deformation Failure Occurring When Extracting Minerals via Underground Mining: A Case Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of the Deformation Failure Occurring When Extracting Minerals via Underground Mining: A Case Study |
| title_short | Investigation of the Deformation Failure Occurring When Extracting Minerals via Underground Mining: A Case Study |
| title_sort | investigation of the deformation failure occurring when extracting minerals via underground mining a case study |
| topic | metal mine underground orebody excavation sublevel caving method strata movement mining disturbance deformation failure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/8/1025 |
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