| Summary: | We characterized the gut microbial composition and relative abundance of gut bacteria in the larvae and adults of <i>Pieris canidia</i> by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The gut microbiota structure was similar across the life stages and sexes. The comparative functional analysis on <i>P. canidia</i> bacterial communities with PICRUSt showed the enrichment of several pathways including those for energy metabolism, immune system, digestive system, xenobiotics biodegradation, transport, cell growth and death. The parameters often used as a proxy of insect fitness (development time, pupation rate, emergence rate, adult survival rate and weight of 5th instars larvae) showed a significant difference between treatment group and untreated group and point to potential fitness advantages with the gut microbiomes in <i>P. canidia</i>. These data provide an overall view of the bacterial community across the life stages and sexes in <i>P. canidia</i>.
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