Marine Bacterial Dextranases: Fundamentals and Applications
Dextran, a renewable hydrophilic polysaccharide, is nontoxic, highly stable but intrinsically biodegradable. The α-1, 6 glycosidic bonds in dextran are attacked by dextranase (E.C. 3.2.1.11) which is an inducible enzyme. Dextranase finds many applications such as, in sugar industry, in the productio...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/17/5533 |
| _version_ | 1827665546595794944 |
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| author | Noora Barzkar Olga Babich Rakesh Das Stanislav Sukhikh Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi Muhammad Sohail |
| author_facet | Noora Barzkar Olga Babich Rakesh Das Stanislav Sukhikh Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi Muhammad Sohail |
| author_sort | Noora Barzkar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dextran, a renewable hydrophilic polysaccharide, is nontoxic, highly stable but intrinsically biodegradable. The α-1, 6 glycosidic bonds in dextran are attacked by dextranase (E.C. 3.2.1.11) which is an inducible enzyme. Dextranase finds many applications such as, in sugar industry, in the production of human plasma substitutes, and for the treatment and prevention of dental plaque. Currently, dextranases are obtained from terrestrial fungi which have longer duration for production but not very tolerant to environmental conditions and have safety concerns. Marine bacteria have been proposed as an alternative source of these enzymes and can provide prospects to overcome these issues. Indeed, marine bacterial dextranases are reportedly more effective and suitable for dental caries prevention and treatment. Here, we focused on properties of dextran, properties of dextran—hydrolyzing enzymes, particularly from marine sources and the biochemical features of these enzymes. Lastly the potential use of these marine bacterial dextranase to remove dental plaque has been discussed. The review covers dextranase-producing bacteria isolated from shrimp, fish, algae, sea slit, and sea water, as well as from macro- and micro fungi and other microorganisms. It is common knowledge that dextranase is used in the sugar industry; produced as a result of hydrolysis by dextranase and have prebiotic properties which influence the consistency and texture of food products. In medicine, dextranases are used to make blood substitutes. In addition, dextranase is used to produce low molecular weight dextran and cytotoxic dextran. Furthermore, dextranase is used to enhance antibiotic activity in endocarditis. It has been established that dextranase from marine bacteria is the most preferable for removing plaque, as it has a high enzymatic activity. This study lays the groundwork for the future design and development of different oral care products, based on enzymes derived from marine bacteria. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:29:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-423369c71578452cba38ff2651eb104d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:29:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-423369c71578452cba38ff2651eb104d2023-11-23T13:43:38ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-08-012717553310.3390/molecules27175533Marine Bacterial Dextranases: Fundamentals and ApplicationsNoora Barzkar0Olga Babich1Rakesh Das2Stanislav Sukhikh3Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi4Muhammad Sohail5Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 74576, IranInstitute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, RussiaDepartment of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, NorwayInstitute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, RussiaPersian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas 14578, IranDepartment of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, PakistanDextran, a renewable hydrophilic polysaccharide, is nontoxic, highly stable but intrinsically biodegradable. The α-1, 6 glycosidic bonds in dextran are attacked by dextranase (E.C. 3.2.1.11) which is an inducible enzyme. Dextranase finds many applications such as, in sugar industry, in the production of human plasma substitutes, and for the treatment and prevention of dental plaque. Currently, dextranases are obtained from terrestrial fungi which have longer duration for production but not very tolerant to environmental conditions and have safety concerns. Marine bacteria have been proposed as an alternative source of these enzymes and can provide prospects to overcome these issues. Indeed, marine bacterial dextranases are reportedly more effective and suitable for dental caries prevention and treatment. Here, we focused on properties of dextran, properties of dextran—hydrolyzing enzymes, particularly from marine sources and the biochemical features of these enzymes. Lastly the potential use of these marine bacterial dextranase to remove dental plaque has been discussed. The review covers dextranase-producing bacteria isolated from shrimp, fish, algae, sea slit, and sea water, as well as from macro- and micro fungi and other microorganisms. It is common knowledge that dextranase is used in the sugar industry; produced as a result of hydrolysis by dextranase and have prebiotic properties which influence the consistency and texture of food products. In medicine, dextranases are used to make blood substitutes. In addition, dextranase is used to produce low molecular weight dextran and cytotoxic dextran. Furthermore, dextranase is used to enhance antibiotic activity in endocarditis. It has been established that dextranase from marine bacteria is the most preferable for removing plaque, as it has a high enzymatic activity. This study lays the groundwork for the future design and development of different oral care products, based on enzymes derived from marine bacteria.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/17/5533dextrandextranasemarine bacteriabiochemical propertiesdental plaque |
| spellingShingle | Noora Barzkar Olga Babich Rakesh Das Stanislav Sukhikh Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi Muhammad Sohail Marine Bacterial Dextranases: Fundamentals and Applications Molecules dextran dextranase marine bacteria biochemical properties dental plaque |
| title | Marine Bacterial Dextranases: Fundamentals and Applications |
| title_full | Marine Bacterial Dextranases: Fundamentals and Applications |
| title_fullStr | Marine Bacterial Dextranases: Fundamentals and Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Marine Bacterial Dextranases: Fundamentals and Applications |
| title_short | Marine Bacterial Dextranases: Fundamentals and Applications |
| title_sort | marine bacterial dextranases fundamentals and applications |
| topic | dextran dextranase marine bacteria biochemical properties dental plaque |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/17/5533 |
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