Effect of Mobile Phone Radiation on Parotid and Submandibular Salivary Glands- An Ultrasonographic Study
Introduction: In this era of digitalism, mobile phones have become a cultural accessory. Frequent smartphone usage results in possible adverse effects from low radiofrequency radiation and thermal effect emitted by these devices. One of the major concerns is salivary glands as the mobile phones...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2022-10-01
|
Series: | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.jcdr.net/articles/PDF/17035/56667_CE[Vi]_F[SH]_PF1(AB_SHU)redo_PFA(SS)_PB(AB_SS)_PN(SS).pdf |
Summary: | Introduction: In this era of digitalism, mobile phones have
become a cultural accessory. Frequent smartphone usage
results in possible adverse effects from low radiofrequency
radiation and thermal effect emitted by these devices. One of
the major concerns is salivary glands as the mobile phones are
held against the side of face in close proximity to these glands.
Aim: To assess the effect of cell phone radiation on the volume,
systolic velocity, salivary flow rate of parotid and submandibular
gland between the dominant and non dominant side of mobile
phone users.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted
in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government
Dental College and Hospital, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India,
from September to November 2021. The sample size of 100
(50 males and 50 females). Inclusion criteria were based on the
frequency of mobile phone usage of more than two hours per day.
Mobile phone usage was determined based on patient’s answer
to the questionnaire. Ultrasonography (USG) of both parotid and
submandibular gland was done bilaterally to measure the volume of the glands and colour doppler of external carotid artery to
measure systolic velocity. Modified Schirmer tear strips were
used bilaterally to measure unstimulated salivary flow rate. The
data was entered into MS excel and significance was calculated
using independent sample t-test.
Results: In parotid gland, mean volume, mean systolic velocity
and mean salivary flow rate were of higher value in the dominant
side (14.22±2.17 mL; 15.14±3.74 cm/s; 0.37±0.26 mm/5 mins)
compared to the non dominant side (13.76±2.14 mL; 14.53±3.39
cm/s; 0.24±0.2 mm/5 mins). In submandibular gland, mean
volume, mean systolic velocity and mean salivary flow rate were
of higher value in the dominant side (9.60±1.96 mL; 15.70±6.44
cm/s; 0.30±0.22 mm/5 mins) compared to the non dominant
side (8.88±2.17 mL; 13.87±4.83 cm/s; 0.26±0.21 mm/5 mins).
Conclusion: The volume, systolic velocity of blood flow, the
salivary flow rate, of the parotid gland and submandibular gland
were significantly more on the dominant side than the non
dominant side of mobile phone usage. The study emphasised
that prolonged mobile phone usage causes biological changes
in salivary glands and its flow rate. |
---|---|
ISSN: | 2249-782X 0973-709X |