Tryptophan Metabolism via Kynurenine Pathway: Role in Solid Organ Transplantation
Solid organ transplantation is a gold standard treatment for patients suffering from an end-stage organ disease. Patient and graft survival have vastly improved during the last couple of decades; however, the field of transplantation still encounters several unique challenges, such as a shortage of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/4/1921 |
| _version_ | 1797396511840010240 |
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| author | Ruta Zulpaite Povilas Miknevicius Bettina Leber Kestutis Strupas Philipp Stiegler Peter Schemmer |
| author_facet | Ruta Zulpaite Povilas Miknevicius Bettina Leber Kestutis Strupas Philipp Stiegler Peter Schemmer |
| author_sort | Ruta Zulpaite |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Solid organ transplantation is a gold standard treatment for patients suffering from an end-stage organ disease. Patient and graft survival have vastly improved during the last couple of decades; however, the field of transplantation still encounters several unique challenges, such as a shortage of transplantable organs and increasing pool of extended criteria donor (ECD) organs, which are extremely prone to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), risk of graft rejection and challenges in immune regulation. Moreover, accurate and specific biomarkers, which can timely predict allograft dysfunction and/or rejection, are lacking. The essential amino acid tryptophan and, especially, its metabolites via the kynurenine pathway has been widely studied as a contributor and a therapeutic target in various diseases, such as neuropsychiatric, autoimmune disorders, allergies, infections and malignancies. The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway has also gained interest in solid organ transplantation and a variety of experimental studies investigating its role both in IRI and immune regulation after allograft implantation was first published. In this review, the current evidence regarding the role of tryptophan and its metabolites in solid organ transplantation is presented, giving insights into molecular mechanisms and into therapeutic and diagnostic/prognostic possibilities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:51:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-423eaf30da4f40c28b9454e9ae15d91f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:51:20Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-423eaf30da4f40c28b9454e9ae15d91f2023-12-11T17:08:55ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-02-01224192110.3390/ijms22041921Tryptophan Metabolism via Kynurenine Pathway: Role in Solid Organ TransplantationRuta Zulpaite0Povilas Miknevicius1Bettina Leber2Kestutis Strupas3Philipp Stiegler4Peter Schemmer5General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerpl. 2, 8036 Graz, AustriaGeneral, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerpl. 2, 8036 Graz, AustriaGeneral, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerpl. 2, 8036 Graz, AustriaFaculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Ciurlionio 21, 03101 Vilnius, LithuaniaGeneral, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerpl. 2, 8036 Graz, AustriaGeneral, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerpl. 2, 8036 Graz, AustriaSolid organ transplantation is a gold standard treatment for patients suffering from an end-stage organ disease. Patient and graft survival have vastly improved during the last couple of decades; however, the field of transplantation still encounters several unique challenges, such as a shortage of transplantable organs and increasing pool of extended criteria donor (ECD) organs, which are extremely prone to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), risk of graft rejection and challenges in immune regulation. Moreover, accurate and specific biomarkers, which can timely predict allograft dysfunction and/or rejection, are lacking. The essential amino acid tryptophan and, especially, its metabolites via the kynurenine pathway has been widely studied as a contributor and a therapeutic target in various diseases, such as neuropsychiatric, autoimmune disorders, allergies, infections and malignancies. The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway has also gained interest in solid organ transplantation and a variety of experimental studies investigating its role both in IRI and immune regulation after allograft implantation was first published. In this review, the current evidence regarding the role of tryptophan and its metabolites in solid organ transplantation is presented, giving insights into molecular mechanisms and into therapeutic and diagnostic/prognostic possibilities.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/4/1921transplantationischemia-reperfusiontolerancerejectiontryptophankynurenine |
| spellingShingle | Ruta Zulpaite Povilas Miknevicius Bettina Leber Kestutis Strupas Philipp Stiegler Peter Schemmer Tryptophan Metabolism via Kynurenine Pathway: Role in Solid Organ Transplantation International Journal of Molecular Sciences transplantation ischemia-reperfusion tolerance rejection tryptophan kynurenine |
| title | Tryptophan Metabolism via Kynurenine Pathway: Role in Solid Organ Transplantation |
| title_full | Tryptophan Metabolism via Kynurenine Pathway: Role in Solid Organ Transplantation |
| title_fullStr | Tryptophan Metabolism via Kynurenine Pathway: Role in Solid Organ Transplantation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tryptophan Metabolism via Kynurenine Pathway: Role in Solid Organ Transplantation |
| title_short | Tryptophan Metabolism via Kynurenine Pathway: Role in Solid Organ Transplantation |
| title_sort | tryptophan metabolism via kynurenine pathway role in solid organ transplantation |
| topic | transplantation ischemia-reperfusion tolerance rejection tryptophan kynurenine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/4/1921 |
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