Reliability and Accuracy of 2D Photogrammetry: A Comparison With Direct Measurement
ObjectiveFacial anthropometric data is important for the design of respirators. Two-dimensional (2D) photogrammetry has replaced direct anthropometric method, but the reliability and accuracy of 2D photogrammetry has not been quantified. This study aimed to assess inter-rater reliability of 2D photo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.813058/full |
| _version_ | 1818954505586212864 |
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| author | Yin Cheng Lim Yin Cheng Lim Ameerah Su'ad Abdul Shakor Rafiza Shaharudin |
| author_facet | Yin Cheng Lim Yin Cheng Lim Ameerah Su'ad Abdul Shakor Rafiza Shaharudin |
| author_sort | Yin Cheng Lim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectiveFacial anthropometric data is important for the design of respirators. Two-dimensional (2D) photogrammetry has replaced direct anthropometric method, but the reliability and accuracy of 2D photogrammetry has not been quantified. This study aimed to assess inter-rater reliability of 2D photogrammetry and to examine the reliability and accuracy of 2D photogrammetry with direct measurement.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingMalaysia.ParticipantsA subset of 96 participants aged 18 and above.Primary and secondary outcomesTen facial dimensions were measured using direct measurement and 2D photogrammetry. An assessment of inter-rater reliability was performed using intra-class correlation (ICC) of the 2D images. In addition, ICC and Bland-Altman analyses were used to assess the reliability and agreement of 2D photogrammetry with direct measurement.ResultsExcept for head breadth and bigonial breadth, which were also found to have low inter-rater reliability, there was no significant difference in the inter-rater mean value of the 2D photogrammetry. The mean measurements derived from direct measurement and 2D photogrammetry were mostly similar. However, statistical differences were noted for two facial dimensions, i.e., bizygomatic breadth and bigonial breadth, and clinically the magnitude of difference was also significant. There were no statistical differences in respect to the remaining eight facial dimensions, where the smallest mean difference was 0.3 mm and biggest mean difference was 1.0 mm. The ICC showed head breadth had poor reliability, whilst Bland-Altman analyses showed seven out of 10 facial dimensions using 2D photogrammetry were accurate, as compared to direct measurement.ConclusionOnly certain facial measurements can be reliably and accurately measured using 2D photogrammetry, thus it is important to conduct a reliability and validation study before the use of any measurement methods in anthropometric studies. The results of this study also suggest that 2D photogrammetry can be used to supplement direct measurement for certain facial dimensions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T10:23:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-424d34d84bdc42299b540b2958d93426 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T10:23:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-424d34d84bdc42299b540b2958d934262022-12-21T19:43:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652022-01-01910.3389/fpubh.2021.813058813058Reliability and Accuracy of 2D Photogrammetry: A Comparison With Direct MeasurementYin Cheng Lim0Yin Cheng Lim1Ameerah Su'ad Abdul Shakor2Rafiza Shaharudin3Environmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health of Malaysia, Shah Alam, MalaysiaFaculty of Medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaEnvironmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health of Malaysia, Shah Alam, MalaysiaEnvironmental Health Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health of Malaysia, Shah Alam, MalaysiaObjectiveFacial anthropometric data is important for the design of respirators. Two-dimensional (2D) photogrammetry has replaced direct anthropometric method, but the reliability and accuracy of 2D photogrammetry has not been quantified. This study aimed to assess inter-rater reliability of 2D photogrammetry and to examine the reliability and accuracy of 2D photogrammetry with direct measurement.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingMalaysia.ParticipantsA subset of 96 participants aged 18 and above.Primary and secondary outcomesTen facial dimensions were measured using direct measurement and 2D photogrammetry. An assessment of inter-rater reliability was performed using intra-class correlation (ICC) of the 2D images. In addition, ICC and Bland-Altman analyses were used to assess the reliability and agreement of 2D photogrammetry with direct measurement.ResultsExcept for head breadth and bigonial breadth, which were also found to have low inter-rater reliability, there was no significant difference in the inter-rater mean value of the 2D photogrammetry. The mean measurements derived from direct measurement and 2D photogrammetry were mostly similar. However, statistical differences were noted for two facial dimensions, i.e., bizygomatic breadth and bigonial breadth, and clinically the magnitude of difference was also significant. There were no statistical differences in respect to the remaining eight facial dimensions, where the smallest mean difference was 0.3 mm and biggest mean difference was 1.0 mm. The ICC showed head breadth had poor reliability, whilst Bland-Altman analyses showed seven out of 10 facial dimensions using 2D photogrammetry were accurate, as compared to direct measurement.ConclusionOnly certain facial measurements can be reliably and accurately measured using 2D photogrammetry, thus it is important to conduct a reliability and validation study before the use of any measurement methods in anthropometric studies. The results of this study also suggest that 2D photogrammetry can be used to supplement direct measurement for certain facial dimensions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.813058/full2D photogrammetrydirect measurementaccuracyfacial anthropometric measurementsreliability |
| spellingShingle | Yin Cheng Lim Yin Cheng Lim Ameerah Su'ad Abdul Shakor Rafiza Shaharudin Reliability and Accuracy of 2D Photogrammetry: A Comparison With Direct Measurement Frontiers in Public Health 2D photogrammetry direct measurement accuracy facial anthropometric measurements reliability |
| title | Reliability and Accuracy of 2D Photogrammetry: A Comparison With Direct Measurement |
| title_full | Reliability and Accuracy of 2D Photogrammetry: A Comparison With Direct Measurement |
| title_fullStr | Reliability and Accuracy of 2D Photogrammetry: A Comparison With Direct Measurement |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reliability and Accuracy of 2D Photogrammetry: A Comparison With Direct Measurement |
| title_short | Reliability and Accuracy of 2D Photogrammetry: A Comparison With Direct Measurement |
| title_sort | reliability and accuracy of 2d photogrammetry a comparison with direct measurement |
| topic | 2D photogrammetry direct measurement accuracy facial anthropometric measurements reliability |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.813058/full |
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