The impact of disruptive powertrain technologies on energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions from heavy-duty vehicles
Minimising tailpipe emissions and the decarbonisation of transport in a cost effective way remains a major objective for policymakers and vehicle manufacturers. Current trends are rapidly evolving but appear to be moving towards solutions in which vehicles which are increasingly electrified. As a re...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Energy Conversion and Management: X |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590174520300027 |
| _version_ | 1811299467412897792 |
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| author | Andrew Smallbone Boru Jia Penny Atkins Anthony Paul Roskilly |
| author_facet | Andrew Smallbone Boru Jia Penny Atkins Anthony Paul Roskilly |
| author_sort | Andrew Smallbone |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Minimising tailpipe emissions and the decarbonisation of transport in a cost effective way remains a major objective for policymakers and vehicle manufacturers. Current trends are rapidly evolving but appear to be moving towards solutions in which vehicles which are increasingly electrified. As a result we will see a greater linkage between the wider energy system and the transportation sector resulting in a more complex and mutual dependency. At the same time, major investments into technological innovation across both sectors are yielding rapid advancements into on-board energy storage and more compact/lightweight on-board electricity generators.In the absence of sufficient technical data on such technology, holistic evaluations of the future transportation sector and its energy sources have not considered the impact of a new generation of innovation in propulsion technologies. In this paper, the potential impact of a number of novel powertrain technologies are evaluated and presented. The analysis considers heavy duty vehicles with conventional reciprocating engines powered by diesel and hydrogen, hybrid and battery electric vehicles and vehicles powered by hydrogen fuel cells, and free-piston engine generators (FPEGs). The benefits are compared for each technology to meet the expectations of representative medium and heavy-duty vehicle drivers. Analysis is presented in terms of vehicle type, vehicle duty cycle, fuel economy, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, impact on the vehicle etc..The work shows that the underpinning energy vector and its primary energy source are the most significant factor for reducing primary energy consumption and net CO2 emissions. Indeed, while an HGV with a BEV powertrain offers no direct tailpipe emissions, it produces significantly worse lifecycle CO2 emissions than a conventional diesel powertrain. Even with a de-carbonised electricity system (100 g CO2/kWh), CO2 emissions are similar to a conventional Diesel fuelled HGV. For the HGV sector, range is key to operator acceptability of new powertrain technologies. This analysis has shown that cumulative benefits of improved electrical powertrains, on-board storage, efficiency improvements and vehicle design in 2025 and 2035 mean that hydrogen and electric fuelled vehicles can be competitive on gravimetric and volumetric density. Overall, the work demonstrates that presently there is no common powertrain solution appropriate for all vehicle types but how subtle improvements at a vehicle component level can have significant impact on the design choices for the wider energy system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:36:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-42583ef3dcfa4b91baf8324ad2c38cb7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2590-1745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:36:23Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energy Conversion and Management: X |
| spelling | doaj.art-42583ef3dcfa4b91baf8324ad2c38cb72022-12-22T02:57:54ZengElsevierEnergy Conversion and Management: X2590-17452020-04-016The impact of disruptive powertrain technologies on energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions from heavy-duty vehiclesAndrew Smallbone0Boru Jia1Penny Atkins2Anthony Paul Roskilly3Engineering Department, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; Corresponding author.School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, ChinaAdvanced Engineering Centre, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UKEngineering Department, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UKMinimising tailpipe emissions and the decarbonisation of transport in a cost effective way remains a major objective for policymakers and vehicle manufacturers. Current trends are rapidly evolving but appear to be moving towards solutions in which vehicles which are increasingly electrified. As a result we will see a greater linkage between the wider energy system and the transportation sector resulting in a more complex and mutual dependency. At the same time, major investments into technological innovation across both sectors are yielding rapid advancements into on-board energy storage and more compact/lightweight on-board electricity generators.In the absence of sufficient technical data on such technology, holistic evaluations of the future transportation sector and its energy sources have not considered the impact of a new generation of innovation in propulsion technologies. In this paper, the potential impact of a number of novel powertrain technologies are evaluated and presented. The analysis considers heavy duty vehicles with conventional reciprocating engines powered by diesel and hydrogen, hybrid and battery electric vehicles and vehicles powered by hydrogen fuel cells, and free-piston engine generators (FPEGs). The benefits are compared for each technology to meet the expectations of representative medium and heavy-duty vehicle drivers. Analysis is presented in terms of vehicle type, vehicle duty cycle, fuel economy, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, impact on the vehicle etc..The work shows that the underpinning energy vector and its primary energy source are the most significant factor for reducing primary energy consumption and net CO2 emissions. Indeed, while an HGV with a BEV powertrain offers no direct tailpipe emissions, it produces significantly worse lifecycle CO2 emissions than a conventional diesel powertrain. Even with a de-carbonised electricity system (100 g CO2/kWh), CO2 emissions are similar to a conventional Diesel fuelled HGV. For the HGV sector, range is key to operator acceptability of new powertrain technologies. This analysis has shown that cumulative benefits of improved electrical powertrains, on-board storage, efficiency improvements and vehicle design in 2025 and 2035 mean that hydrogen and electric fuelled vehicles can be competitive on gravimetric and volumetric density. Overall, the work demonstrates that presently there is no common powertrain solution appropriate for all vehicle types but how subtle improvements at a vehicle component level can have significant impact on the design choices for the wider energy system.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590174520300027PowertrainRange-extenderEmissionsHydrogenElectric vehicle |
| spellingShingle | Andrew Smallbone Boru Jia Penny Atkins Anthony Paul Roskilly The impact of disruptive powertrain technologies on energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions from heavy-duty vehicles Energy Conversion and Management: X Powertrain Range-extender Emissions Hydrogen Electric vehicle |
| title | The impact of disruptive powertrain technologies on energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions from heavy-duty vehicles |
| title_full | The impact of disruptive powertrain technologies on energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions from heavy-duty vehicles |
| title_fullStr | The impact of disruptive powertrain technologies on energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions from heavy-duty vehicles |
| title_full_unstemmed | The impact of disruptive powertrain technologies on energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions from heavy-duty vehicles |
| title_short | The impact of disruptive powertrain technologies on energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions from heavy-duty vehicles |
| title_sort | impact of disruptive powertrain technologies on energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions from heavy duty vehicles |
| topic | Powertrain Range-extender Emissions Hydrogen Electric vehicle |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590174520300027 |
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