Epidrugs: alternative chemotherapy targeting Theileria annulata schizont stage parasites
ABSTRACTThe growing emergence of resistance to current anti-theilerial agents necessitates the exploration of alternative approaches to drug discovery. This study evaluated the antiparasitic efficacy of 148 compounds derived from an epigenetic inhibitor library against the schizont stage of a Theile...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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American Society for Microbiology
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Microbiology Spectrum |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.03258-23 |
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| author | Sonam Kamble Sakshi Singh Akash Suresh Siva Singothu Debabrata Dandesena Vasundhra Bhandari Paresh Sharma |
| author_facet | Sonam Kamble Sakshi Singh Akash Suresh Siva Singothu Debabrata Dandesena Vasundhra Bhandari Paresh Sharma |
| author_sort | Sonam Kamble |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACTThe growing emergence of resistance to current anti-theilerial agents necessitates the exploration of alternative approaches to drug discovery. This study evaluated the antiparasitic efficacy of 148 compounds derived from an epigenetic inhibitor library against the schizont stage of a Theileria annulata-infected cell line. Initial screening at a concentration of 10 µM identified 27 compounds exhibiting promising anti-theilerial activity. Further investigation, including determination of the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) and host cell cytotoxicity assay, highlighted seven highly effective compounds (SAHA, BVT-948, Trichostatin A, Methylstat, Plumbagin, Ryuvidine, and TCE-5003) against T. annulata-infected cells. Analysis of the active compounds revealed their inhibitory action against various human targets, such as HDAC (SAHA and Trichostatin A), SET domain (Ryuvidine), PRMT (BVT-948 and TCE-5003), histone demethylase (Methylstat), and ROS/apoptosis inducer (Plumbagin). We identified gene orthologs of these targets in Theileria and conducted molecular docking studies, demonstrating effective binding of the compounds with their respective targets in the parasite, supported by in vitro data. Additionally, we performed in silico ADME/T predictions, which indicated potential mutagenic and hepatotoxic effects of Plumbagin, Methylstat, and TCE-5003, rendering them unsuitable for drug development. Conversely, SAHA, Trichostatin A, and BVT-948 showed promising characteristics and may represent potential candidates for future development as chemotherapeutic agents against tropical theileriosis. These findings provide valuable insights into the search for novel anti-theilerial drugs and offer a basis for further research in this area.IMPORTANCETheileria annulata is a protozoan parasite responsible for tropical theileriosis, a devastating disease affecting cattle. Traditional chemotherapy has limitations, and the study explores the potential of epidrugs as an alternative treatment approach. Epidrugs are compounds that modify gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence, offering a novel way to combat parasitic infections. This research is pivotal as it addresses the urgent need for innovative therapies against T. annulata, contributing to the development of more effective and targeted treatments for infected livestock. Successful implementation of epidrugs could not only enhance the well-being of cattle but also have broader implications for the control of parasitic diseases, showcasing the paper’s significance in advancing veterinary science and improving livestock health globally. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T15:02:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-425b222d20ef4db691784a0fda9f0be2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2165-0497 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T15:02:58Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microbiology Spectrum |
| spelling | doaj.art-425b222d20ef4db691784a0fda9f0be22024-04-02T14:16:18ZengAmerican Society for MicrobiologyMicrobiology Spectrum2165-04972024-04-0112410.1128/spectrum.03258-23Epidrugs: alternative chemotherapy targeting Theileria annulata schizont stage parasitesSonam Kamble0Sakshi Singh1Akash Suresh2Siva Singothu3Debabrata Dandesena4Vasundhra Bhandari5Paresh Sharma6National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, IndiaNational Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, IndiaNational Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, IndiaNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, IndiaNational Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, IndiaNational Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, IndiaNational Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, IndiaABSTRACTThe growing emergence of resistance to current anti-theilerial agents necessitates the exploration of alternative approaches to drug discovery. This study evaluated the antiparasitic efficacy of 148 compounds derived from an epigenetic inhibitor library against the schizont stage of a Theileria annulata-infected cell line. Initial screening at a concentration of 10 µM identified 27 compounds exhibiting promising anti-theilerial activity. Further investigation, including determination of the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) and host cell cytotoxicity assay, highlighted seven highly effective compounds (SAHA, BVT-948, Trichostatin A, Methylstat, Plumbagin, Ryuvidine, and TCE-5003) against T. annulata-infected cells. Analysis of the active compounds revealed their inhibitory action against various human targets, such as HDAC (SAHA and Trichostatin A), SET domain (Ryuvidine), PRMT (BVT-948 and TCE-5003), histone demethylase (Methylstat), and ROS/apoptosis inducer (Plumbagin). We identified gene orthologs of these targets in Theileria and conducted molecular docking studies, demonstrating effective binding of the compounds with their respective targets in the parasite, supported by in vitro data. Additionally, we performed in silico ADME/T predictions, which indicated potential mutagenic and hepatotoxic effects of Plumbagin, Methylstat, and TCE-5003, rendering them unsuitable for drug development. Conversely, SAHA, Trichostatin A, and BVT-948 showed promising characteristics and may represent potential candidates for future development as chemotherapeutic agents against tropical theileriosis. These findings provide valuable insights into the search for novel anti-theilerial drugs and offer a basis for further research in this area.IMPORTANCETheileria annulata is a protozoan parasite responsible for tropical theileriosis, a devastating disease affecting cattle. Traditional chemotherapy has limitations, and the study explores the potential of epidrugs as an alternative treatment approach. Epidrugs are compounds that modify gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence, offering a novel way to combat parasitic infections. This research is pivotal as it addresses the urgent need for innovative therapies against T. annulata, contributing to the development of more effective and targeted treatments for infected livestock. Successful implementation of epidrugs could not only enhance the well-being of cattle but also have broader implications for the control of parasitic diseases, showcasing the paper’s significance in advancing veterinary science and improving livestock health globally.https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.03258-23epigenetic inhibitorsTheileriadrug repurposingapoptosisapicomplexan |
| spellingShingle | Sonam Kamble Sakshi Singh Akash Suresh Siva Singothu Debabrata Dandesena Vasundhra Bhandari Paresh Sharma Epidrugs: alternative chemotherapy targeting Theileria annulata schizont stage parasites Microbiology Spectrum epigenetic inhibitors Theileria drug repurposing apoptosis apicomplexan |
| title | Epidrugs: alternative chemotherapy targeting Theileria annulata schizont stage parasites |
| title_full | Epidrugs: alternative chemotherapy targeting Theileria annulata schizont stage parasites |
| title_fullStr | Epidrugs: alternative chemotherapy targeting Theileria annulata schizont stage parasites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidrugs: alternative chemotherapy targeting Theileria annulata schizont stage parasites |
| title_short | Epidrugs: alternative chemotherapy targeting Theileria annulata schizont stage parasites |
| title_sort | epidrugs alternative chemotherapy targeting theileria annulata schizont stage parasites |
| topic | epigenetic inhibitors Theileria drug repurposing apoptosis apicomplexan |
| url | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.03258-23 |
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