Development and Evaluation of Clove and Cinnamon Supercritical Fluid Extracts-Loaded Emulgel for Antifungal Activity in Denture Stomatitis
Denture stomatitis (DS), usually caused by Candida infection, is one of the common denture-related complications in patients wearing dentures. Clove and cinnamon oils have been acknowledged for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial activity, and antifungal effects in the oral cavity. The aim of thi...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/8/1/33 |
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| author | Meenakshi Srinivas Iyer Anil Kumar Gujjari Sathishbabu Paranthaman Amr Selim Abu Lila Khaled Almansour Farhan Alshammari El-Sayed Khafagy Hany H. Arab Devegowda Vishakante Gowda |
| author_facet | Meenakshi Srinivas Iyer Anil Kumar Gujjari Sathishbabu Paranthaman Amr Selim Abu Lila Khaled Almansour Farhan Alshammari El-Sayed Khafagy Hany H. Arab Devegowda Vishakante Gowda |
| author_sort | Meenakshi Srinivas Iyer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Denture stomatitis (DS), usually caused by Candida infection, is one of the common denture-related complications in patients wearing dentures. Clove and cinnamon oils have been acknowledged for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial activity, and antifungal effects in the oral cavity. The aim of this study, therefore, was to prepare clove/cinnamon oils-loaded emulgel and to assess its efficacy in treating <i>Candida albicans</i>-associated denture stomatitis. Central composite design was adopted to formulate and optimize clove/cinnamon extracts-loaded emulgel. The formulated preparations were assessed for their physical appearance, particle size, viscosity, spreadability, and in-vitro drug release. In addition, in-vivo therapeutic experiments were conducted on 42 patients with denture stomatitis. The prepared emulgel formulations showed good physical characteristics with efficient drug release within 3 h. In addition, in-vivo antifungal studies revealed that the optimized formula significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) reduced Candida colony counts from the denture surface, compared to commercially available gel (240.38 ± 27.20 vs. 398.19 ± 66.73 CFU/mL, respectively). Furthermore, the optimized formula and succeeded in alleviating denture stomatitis-related inflammation with a better clinical cure rate compared to commercially available gel Collectively, herbal extracts-loaded emulgel might be considered an evolution of polyherbal formulations and might represent a promising alternative to the existing allopathic drugs for the treatment of denture stomatitis, with better taste acceptability and no side effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:26:38Z |
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| issn | 2310-2861 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:26:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gels |
| spelling | doaj.art-426030d46b024995a5814b6d6e96807e2023-11-23T13:50:12ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612022-01-01813310.3390/gels8010033Development and Evaluation of Clove and Cinnamon Supercritical Fluid Extracts-Loaded Emulgel for Antifungal Activity in Denture StomatitisMeenakshi Srinivas Iyer0Anil Kumar Gujjari1Sathishbabu Paranthaman2Amr Selim Abu Lila3Khaled Almansour4Farhan Alshammari5El-Sayed Khafagy6Hany H. Arab7Devegowda Vishakante Gowda8Department of Prosthodontics, JSS Dental College and Hospital, Mysuru 570015, IndiaDepartment of Prosthodontics, JSS Dental College and Hospital, Mysuru 570015, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru 570015, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, EgyptDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru 570015, IndiaDenture stomatitis (DS), usually caused by Candida infection, is one of the common denture-related complications in patients wearing dentures. Clove and cinnamon oils have been acknowledged for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial activity, and antifungal effects in the oral cavity. The aim of this study, therefore, was to prepare clove/cinnamon oils-loaded emulgel and to assess its efficacy in treating <i>Candida albicans</i>-associated denture stomatitis. Central composite design was adopted to formulate and optimize clove/cinnamon extracts-loaded emulgel. The formulated preparations were assessed for their physical appearance, particle size, viscosity, spreadability, and in-vitro drug release. In addition, in-vivo therapeutic experiments were conducted on 42 patients with denture stomatitis. The prepared emulgel formulations showed good physical characteristics with efficient drug release within 3 h. In addition, in-vivo antifungal studies revealed that the optimized formula significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) reduced Candida colony counts from the denture surface, compared to commercially available gel (240.38 ± 27.20 vs. 398.19 ± 66.73 CFU/mL, respectively). Furthermore, the optimized formula and succeeded in alleviating denture stomatitis-related inflammation with a better clinical cure rate compared to commercially available gel Collectively, herbal extracts-loaded emulgel might be considered an evolution of polyherbal formulations and might represent a promising alternative to the existing allopathic drugs for the treatment of denture stomatitis, with better taste acceptability and no side effects.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/8/1/33<i>Candida albicans</i>clove extractscinnamon extractsdenture stomatitissuper critical fluid extraction |
| spellingShingle | Meenakshi Srinivas Iyer Anil Kumar Gujjari Sathishbabu Paranthaman Amr Selim Abu Lila Khaled Almansour Farhan Alshammari El-Sayed Khafagy Hany H. Arab Devegowda Vishakante Gowda Development and Evaluation of Clove and Cinnamon Supercritical Fluid Extracts-Loaded Emulgel for Antifungal Activity in Denture Stomatitis Gels <i>Candida albicans</i> clove extracts cinnamon extracts denture stomatitis super critical fluid extraction |
| title | Development and Evaluation of Clove and Cinnamon Supercritical Fluid Extracts-Loaded Emulgel for Antifungal Activity in Denture Stomatitis |
| title_full | Development and Evaluation of Clove and Cinnamon Supercritical Fluid Extracts-Loaded Emulgel for Antifungal Activity in Denture Stomatitis |
| title_fullStr | Development and Evaluation of Clove and Cinnamon Supercritical Fluid Extracts-Loaded Emulgel for Antifungal Activity in Denture Stomatitis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development and Evaluation of Clove and Cinnamon Supercritical Fluid Extracts-Loaded Emulgel for Antifungal Activity in Denture Stomatitis |
| title_short | Development and Evaluation of Clove and Cinnamon Supercritical Fluid Extracts-Loaded Emulgel for Antifungal Activity in Denture Stomatitis |
| title_sort | development and evaluation of clove and cinnamon supercritical fluid extracts loaded emulgel for antifungal activity in denture stomatitis |
| topic | <i>Candida albicans</i> clove extracts cinnamon extracts denture stomatitis super critical fluid extraction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/8/1/33 |
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