Role of mutans streptococci, acid tolerant bacteria and oral Candida species in predicting the onset of early childhood caries
AimEarly childhood caries is the most common chronic infectious disease in children in the United States. This study, which is part of a larger, longitudinal study exploring oral microbiological components of caries development in children, reports on the impact of total mutans streptococci (MS), to...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Dental Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdmed.2023.991746/full |
| _version_ | 1811160739761618944 |
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| author | Alissa Villhauer Min Zhu Wei Shi Xian Jin Xie Pamella Hughes Amy Lesch Karin Weber-Gasparoni Justine Kolker David Drake Jeffrey A. Banas |
| author_facet | Alissa Villhauer Min Zhu Wei Shi Xian Jin Xie Pamella Hughes Amy Lesch Karin Weber-Gasparoni Justine Kolker David Drake Jeffrey A. Banas |
| author_sort | Alissa Villhauer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | AimEarly childhood caries is the most common chronic infectious disease in children in the United States. This study, which is part of a larger, longitudinal study exploring oral microbiological components of caries development in children, reports on the impact of total mutans streptococci (MS), total acid tolerant bacteria and Candida species on the development of dental caries in a subset of these children. Of particular interest was the relationship between caries development and co-colonization of mutans streptococci and Candida species.MethodsChildren between the ages of 12 and 47 months displaying no evidence of dental caries were recruited for a longitudinal study (n = 130). Twelve age- and gender-matched pairs were selected. In each pair, one child developed caries during the study, and one did not. Whole mouth plaque samples were collected by swab at baseline and every 6 months thereafter for a duration of 18 months and spiral plated for microbial counts (CFU/ml). Cut-offs based on percent of total cultivable flora were designated for all microbial measures. A scoring system designated the Plaque Microbial Index (PMI) was developed for use in statistical analyses to assess potential predictive factors for caries risk assessment.ResultsChildren who developed caries were significantly more likely to harbor higher percentages of acid tolerant bacteria (p = 0.003), MS (p < 0.001) and have Candida species present (p < 0.001) at ≥1 visit leading up to caries onset. Mean PMI scores derived from the aforementioned microbial measures, were higher for caries active children than caries free children (p = 0.000147). Co-colonization of MS and Candida species was significantly associated with caries development (p < 0.001) and detection of both at the same visit had a 100% positive predictive value and 60% negative predictive value for caries development.ConclusionIn children who developed caries, there was a statistically significant association with the percent of total flora that was acid tolerant, the percent of MS, the presence of Candida and co-colonization of MS and Candida species. Combining these microbial measures into PMI scores further delineated children who developed caries from those who remained caries-free. These microbiological measures show potential as predictive factors and risk assessment tools for caries development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T06:02:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-42610434cdc149da917a2108a10d2789 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T06:02:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Dental Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-42610434cdc149da917a2108a10d27892023-03-03T05:52:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Dental Medicine2673-49152023-03-01410.3389/fdmed.2023.991746991746Role of mutans streptococci, acid tolerant bacteria and oral Candida species in predicting the onset of early childhood cariesAlissa Villhauer0Min Zhu1Wei Shi2Xian Jin Xie3Pamella Hughes4Amy Lesch5Karin Weber-Gasparoni6Justine Kolker7David Drake8Jeffrey A. Banas9Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United StatesIowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United StatesDivision of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United StatesDivision of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United StatesIowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United StatesDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United StatesDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United StatesDepartment of Operative Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United StatesIowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United StatesIowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United StatesAimEarly childhood caries is the most common chronic infectious disease in children in the United States. This study, which is part of a larger, longitudinal study exploring oral microbiological components of caries development in children, reports on the impact of total mutans streptococci (MS), total acid tolerant bacteria and Candida species on the development of dental caries in a subset of these children. Of particular interest was the relationship between caries development and co-colonization of mutans streptococci and Candida species.MethodsChildren between the ages of 12 and 47 months displaying no evidence of dental caries were recruited for a longitudinal study (n = 130). Twelve age- and gender-matched pairs were selected. In each pair, one child developed caries during the study, and one did not. Whole mouth plaque samples were collected by swab at baseline and every 6 months thereafter for a duration of 18 months and spiral plated for microbial counts (CFU/ml). Cut-offs based on percent of total cultivable flora were designated for all microbial measures. A scoring system designated the Plaque Microbial Index (PMI) was developed for use in statistical analyses to assess potential predictive factors for caries risk assessment.ResultsChildren who developed caries were significantly more likely to harbor higher percentages of acid tolerant bacteria (p = 0.003), MS (p < 0.001) and have Candida species present (p < 0.001) at ≥1 visit leading up to caries onset. Mean PMI scores derived from the aforementioned microbial measures, were higher for caries active children than caries free children (p = 0.000147). Co-colonization of MS and Candida species was significantly associated with caries development (p < 0.001) and detection of both at the same visit had a 100% positive predictive value and 60% negative predictive value for caries development.ConclusionIn children who developed caries, there was a statistically significant association with the percent of total flora that was acid tolerant, the percent of MS, the presence of Candida and co-colonization of MS and Candida species. Combining these microbial measures into PMI scores further delineated children who developed caries from those who remained caries-free. These microbiological measures show potential as predictive factors and risk assessment tools for caries development.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdmed.2023.991746/fullmutans streptococci (MS)oral candidaco-colonizationacid tolerant bacteriaearly childhood caries (ECC)caries risk assessment |
| spellingShingle | Alissa Villhauer Min Zhu Wei Shi Xian Jin Xie Pamella Hughes Amy Lesch Karin Weber-Gasparoni Justine Kolker David Drake Jeffrey A. Banas Role of mutans streptococci, acid tolerant bacteria and oral Candida species in predicting the onset of early childhood caries Frontiers in Dental Medicine mutans streptococci (MS) oral candida co-colonization acid tolerant bacteria early childhood caries (ECC) caries risk assessment |
| title | Role of mutans streptococci, acid tolerant bacteria and oral Candida species in predicting the onset of early childhood caries |
| title_full | Role of mutans streptococci, acid tolerant bacteria and oral Candida species in predicting the onset of early childhood caries |
| title_fullStr | Role of mutans streptococci, acid tolerant bacteria and oral Candida species in predicting the onset of early childhood caries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of mutans streptococci, acid tolerant bacteria and oral Candida species in predicting the onset of early childhood caries |
| title_short | Role of mutans streptococci, acid tolerant bacteria and oral Candida species in predicting the onset of early childhood caries |
| title_sort | role of mutans streptococci acid tolerant bacteria and oral candida species in predicting the onset of early childhood caries |
| topic | mutans streptococci (MS) oral candida co-colonization acid tolerant bacteria early childhood caries (ECC) caries risk assessment |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdmed.2023.991746/full |
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