Comprehensive Study on Environmental Behaviour and Degradation by Photolytic/Photocatalytic Oxidation Processes of Pharmaceutical Memantine
Memantine is a pharmaceutical used to treat memory loss, one of the main symptoms of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The use of memantine is expected to continue to grow due to the increasing proportion of the elderly population worldwide. The aim of this work was to conduct a comprehensive study...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/13/3/612 |
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| author | Sandra Babić Davor Ljubas Dragana Mutavdžić Pavlović Martina Biošić Lidija Ćurković Dario Dabić |
| author_facet | Sandra Babić Davor Ljubas Dragana Mutavdžić Pavlović Martina Biošić Lidija Ćurković Dario Dabić |
| author_sort | Sandra Babić |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Memantine is a pharmaceutical used to treat memory loss, one of the main symptoms of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The use of memantine is expected to continue to grow due to the increasing proportion of the elderly population worldwide. The aim of this work was to conduct a comprehensive study on the behaviour of memantine in the environment and the possibilities of its removal from wastewater. Abiotic elimination processes (hydrolysis, photolysis and sorption) of memantine in the environment were investigated. Results showed that memantine is stable in the environment and easily leached from river sediment. Therefore, further investigation was focused on memantine removal by advanced oxidation processes that would prevent its release into the environment. For photolytic and photocatalytic degradation of memantine, ultraviolet (UV) lamps with the predominant radiation wavelengths of 365 nm (UV-A) and 254/185 nm (UV-C) were used as a source of light. TiO<sub>2</sub> in the form of a nanostructured film deposited on the borosilicate glass wall of the reactor was used for photocatalytic experiments. Photodegradation of memantine followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The half-life of photocatalytic degradation by UV-A light was much higher (46.3 min) than the half-life obtained by UV-C light (3.9 min). Processes degradation efficiencies and evaluation of kinetic constants were based on the results of HPLC-MS/MS analyses, which also enable the identification of memantine oxidation products. The acute toxicity of the reaction mixture during the oxidation was evaluated by monitoring the inhibition of the luminescence of <i>Vibrio fischeri</i> bacteria. The results showed that memantine and its oxidation products were not harmful to <i>Vibrio fischeri</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:47:31Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:47:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Catalysts |
| spelling | doaj.art-428c59adccbd46d99b67e0daad3053032023-11-17T10:11:55ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442023-03-0113361210.3390/catal13030612Comprehensive Study on Environmental Behaviour and Degradation by Photolytic/Photocatalytic Oxidation Processes of Pharmaceutical MemantineSandra Babić0Davor Ljubas1Dragana Mutavdžić Pavlović2Martina Biošić3Lidija Ćurković4Dario Dabić5Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Marulića 19, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lučića 1, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Marulića 19, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Marulića 19, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lučića 1, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Marulića 19, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaMemantine is a pharmaceutical used to treat memory loss, one of the main symptoms of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The use of memantine is expected to continue to grow due to the increasing proportion of the elderly population worldwide. The aim of this work was to conduct a comprehensive study on the behaviour of memantine in the environment and the possibilities of its removal from wastewater. Abiotic elimination processes (hydrolysis, photolysis and sorption) of memantine in the environment were investigated. Results showed that memantine is stable in the environment and easily leached from river sediment. Therefore, further investigation was focused on memantine removal by advanced oxidation processes that would prevent its release into the environment. For photolytic and photocatalytic degradation of memantine, ultraviolet (UV) lamps with the predominant radiation wavelengths of 365 nm (UV-A) and 254/185 nm (UV-C) were used as a source of light. TiO<sub>2</sub> in the form of a nanostructured film deposited on the borosilicate glass wall of the reactor was used for photocatalytic experiments. Photodegradation of memantine followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The half-life of photocatalytic degradation by UV-A light was much higher (46.3 min) than the half-life obtained by UV-C light (3.9 min). Processes degradation efficiencies and evaluation of kinetic constants were based on the results of HPLC-MS/MS analyses, which also enable the identification of memantine oxidation products. The acute toxicity of the reaction mixture during the oxidation was evaluated by monitoring the inhibition of the luminescence of <i>Vibrio fischeri</i> bacteria. The results showed that memantine and its oxidation products were not harmful to <i>Vibrio fischeri</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/13/3/612memantinehydrolysisphotolysissorptionphotocatalysissol-gel TiO<sub>2</sub> film |
| spellingShingle | Sandra Babić Davor Ljubas Dragana Mutavdžić Pavlović Martina Biošić Lidija Ćurković Dario Dabić Comprehensive Study on Environmental Behaviour and Degradation by Photolytic/Photocatalytic Oxidation Processes of Pharmaceutical Memantine Catalysts memantine hydrolysis photolysis sorption photocatalysis sol-gel TiO<sub>2</sub> film |
| title | Comprehensive Study on Environmental Behaviour and Degradation by Photolytic/Photocatalytic Oxidation Processes of Pharmaceutical Memantine |
| title_full | Comprehensive Study on Environmental Behaviour and Degradation by Photolytic/Photocatalytic Oxidation Processes of Pharmaceutical Memantine |
| title_fullStr | Comprehensive Study on Environmental Behaviour and Degradation by Photolytic/Photocatalytic Oxidation Processes of Pharmaceutical Memantine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comprehensive Study on Environmental Behaviour and Degradation by Photolytic/Photocatalytic Oxidation Processes of Pharmaceutical Memantine |
| title_short | Comprehensive Study on Environmental Behaviour and Degradation by Photolytic/Photocatalytic Oxidation Processes of Pharmaceutical Memantine |
| title_sort | comprehensive study on environmental behaviour and degradation by photolytic photocatalytic oxidation processes of pharmaceutical memantine |
| topic | memantine hydrolysis photolysis sorption photocatalysis sol-gel TiO<sub>2</sub> film |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/13/3/612 |
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