Adenosine, Adenosine Receptors and Neurohumoral Syncope: From Molecular Basis to Personalized Treatment
Adenosine is a ubiquitous nucleoside that is implicated in the occurrence of clinical manifestations of neuro-humoral syncope (NHS). NHS is characterized by a drop in blood pressure due to vasodepression together with cardio inhibition. These manifestations are often preceded by prodromes such as he...
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/5/1127 |
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| author | Régis Guieu Clara Degioanni Julien Fromonot Lucille De Maria Jean Ruf Jean Claude Deharo Michele Brignole |
| author_facet | Régis Guieu Clara Degioanni Julien Fromonot Lucille De Maria Jean Ruf Jean Claude Deharo Michele Brignole |
| author_sort | Régis Guieu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Adenosine is a ubiquitous nucleoside that is implicated in the occurrence of clinical manifestations of neuro-humoral syncope (NHS). NHS is characterized by a drop in blood pressure due to vasodepression together with cardio inhibition. These manifestations are often preceded by prodromes such as headaches, abdominal pain, feeling of discomfort or sweating. There is evidence that adenosine is implicated in NHS. Adenosine acts via four subtypes of receptors, named A<sub>1</sub> (A<sub>1</sub>R), A<sub>2</sub>A (A<sub>2A</sub>R), A<sub>2B</sub> (A<sub>2B</sub>R) and A<sub>3</sub> (A<sub>3</sub>R) receptors, with all subtypes belonging to G protein membrane receptors. The main effects of adenosine on the cardiovascular system occurs via the modulation of potassium ion channels (IK <sub>Ado</sub>, K <sub>ATP</sub>), voltage-gate calcium channels and via cAMP production inhibition (A<sub>1</sub>R and A<sub>3</sub>R) or, conversely, through the increased production of cAMP (A<sub>2A/B</sub>R) in target cells. However, it turns out that adenosine, via the activation of A<sub>1</sub>R, leads to bradycardia, sinus arrest or atrioventricular block, while the activation of A<sub>2A</sub>R leads to vasodilation; these same manifestations are found during episodes of syncope. The use of adenosine receptor antagonists, such as theophylline or caffeine, should be useful in the treatment of some forms of NHS. The aim of this review was to summarize the main data regarding the link between the adenosinergic system and NHS and the possible consequences on NHS treatment by means of adenosine receptor antagonists. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:17:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
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| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-428fb90326194d6182a1238fce4236932023-11-23T10:11:26ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592022-05-01105112710.3390/biomedicines10051127Adenosine, Adenosine Receptors and Neurohumoral Syncope: From Molecular Basis to Personalized TreatmentRégis Guieu0Clara Degioanni1Julien Fromonot2Lucille De Maria3Jean Ruf4Jean Claude Deharo5Michele Brignole6Centre for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease (C2VN), INSERM, INRAE, AIX Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, FranceLaboratory of Biochemistry, Timone Hospital, 13005 Marseille, FranceCentre for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease (C2VN), INSERM, INRAE, AIX Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, FranceLaboratory of Biochemistry, Timone Hospital, 13005 Marseille, FranceCentre for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease (C2VN), INSERM, INRAE, AIX Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, FranceCentre for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease (C2VN), INSERM, INRAE, AIX Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, FranceDepartment of Cardiology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Luca, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149 Milan, ItalyAdenosine is a ubiquitous nucleoside that is implicated in the occurrence of clinical manifestations of neuro-humoral syncope (NHS). NHS is characterized by a drop in blood pressure due to vasodepression together with cardio inhibition. These manifestations are often preceded by prodromes such as headaches, abdominal pain, feeling of discomfort or sweating. There is evidence that adenosine is implicated in NHS. Adenosine acts via four subtypes of receptors, named A<sub>1</sub> (A<sub>1</sub>R), A<sub>2</sub>A (A<sub>2A</sub>R), A<sub>2B</sub> (A<sub>2B</sub>R) and A<sub>3</sub> (A<sub>3</sub>R) receptors, with all subtypes belonging to G protein membrane receptors. The main effects of adenosine on the cardiovascular system occurs via the modulation of potassium ion channels (IK <sub>Ado</sub>, K <sub>ATP</sub>), voltage-gate calcium channels and via cAMP production inhibition (A<sub>1</sub>R and A<sub>3</sub>R) or, conversely, through the increased production of cAMP (A<sub>2A/B</sub>R) in target cells. However, it turns out that adenosine, via the activation of A<sub>1</sub>R, leads to bradycardia, sinus arrest or atrioventricular block, while the activation of A<sub>2A</sub>R leads to vasodilation; these same manifestations are found during episodes of syncope. The use of adenosine receptor antagonists, such as theophylline or caffeine, should be useful in the treatment of some forms of NHS. The aim of this review was to summarize the main data regarding the link between the adenosinergic system and NHS and the possible consequences on NHS treatment by means of adenosine receptor antagonists.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/5/1127adenosine receptorsneurohumoral syncopeadenosine receptor antagonists |
| spellingShingle | Régis Guieu Clara Degioanni Julien Fromonot Lucille De Maria Jean Ruf Jean Claude Deharo Michele Brignole Adenosine, Adenosine Receptors and Neurohumoral Syncope: From Molecular Basis to Personalized Treatment Biomedicines adenosine receptors neurohumoral syncope adenosine receptor antagonists |
| title | Adenosine, Adenosine Receptors and Neurohumoral Syncope: From Molecular Basis to Personalized Treatment |
| title_full | Adenosine, Adenosine Receptors and Neurohumoral Syncope: From Molecular Basis to Personalized Treatment |
| title_fullStr | Adenosine, Adenosine Receptors and Neurohumoral Syncope: From Molecular Basis to Personalized Treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adenosine, Adenosine Receptors and Neurohumoral Syncope: From Molecular Basis to Personalized Treatment |
| title_short | Adenosine, Adenosine Receptors and Neurohumoral Syncope: From Molecular Basis to Personalized Treatment |
| title_sort | adenosine adenosine receptors and neurohumoral syncope from molecular basis to personalized treatment |
| topic | adenosine receptors neurohumoral syncope adenosine receptor antagonists |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/5/1127 |
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