Differential evolution of diabetic ketoacidosis in adults with pre-existent versus newly diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Abstract Background Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was once known to be specific to type-1 diabetes-mellitus (T1D); however, many cases are now seen in patients with type-2 diabetes-mellitus (T2D). Little is known about how this etiology shift affects DKA's outcomes. Methods We studied consecutive...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-09-01
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| Series: | BMC Endocrine Disorders |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-023-01446-8 |
| _version_ | 1827710544839180288 |
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| author | Fateen Ata Adeel Ahmad Khan Ibrahim Khamees Baian Z. M. Mohammed Haidar Hussein Barjas Bassam Muthanna Mohammed Bashir Anand Kartha |
| author_facet | Fateen Ata Adeel Ahmad Khan Ibrahim Khamees Baian Z. M. Mohammed Haidar Hussein Barjas Bassam Muthanna Mohammed Bashir Anand Kartha |
| author_sort | Fateen Ata |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was once known to be specific to type-1 diabetes-mellitus (T1D); however, many cases are now seen in patients with type-2 diabetes-mellitus (T2D). Little is known about how this etiology shift affects DKA's outcomes. Methods We studied consecutive index DKA admissions from January 2015 to March 2021. Descriptive analyses were performed based on pre-existing T1D and T2D (PT1D and PT2D, respectively) and newly diagnosed T1D and T2D (NT1D and NT2D, respectively). Results Of the 922 patients, 480 (52%) had T1D, of which 69% had PT1D and 31% NT1D, whereas 442 (48%) had T2D, of which 60% had PT2D and 40% NT2D. The mean age was highest in PT2D (47.6 ± 13.1 years) and lowest in PT1D (27.3 ± 0.5 years) (P < 0.001). Patients in all groups were predominantly male except in the PT1D group (55% females) (P < 0.001). Most patients were Arabic (76% in PT1D, 51.4% in NT1D, 46.6% in PT2D) except for NT2D, which mainly comprised Asians (53%) (P < 0.001). Patients with NT2D had the longest hospital length of stay (LOS) (6.8 ± 11.3 days) (P < 0.001), longest DKA duration (26.6 ± 21.1 h) (P < 0.001), and more intensive-care unit (ICU) admissions (31.2%) (P < 0.001). Patients with PT1D had the shortest LOS (2.5 ± 3.5 days) (P < 0.001), DKA duration (18.9 ± 4.2 h) (P < 0.001), and lowest ICU admissions (16.6%) (P < 0.001). Conclusions/interpretation We presented the largest regional data on differences in DKA based on the type and duration of diabetes- mellitus (DM), showing that T2D is becoming an increasing cause of DKA, with worse clinical outcomes (especially newly diagnosed T2D) compared to T1D. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:40:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-42afd8e0b036440fb682c48cd192d09d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1472-6823 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:40:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Endocrine Disorders |
| spelling | doaj.art-42afd8e0b036440fb682c48cd192d09d2023-11-20T09:42:09ZengBMCBMC Endocrine Disorders1472-68232023-09-0123111010.1186/s12902-023-01446-8Differential evolution of diabetic ketoacidosis in adults with pre-existent versus newly diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitusFateen Ata0Adeel Ahmad Khan1Ibrahim Khamees2Baian Z. M. Mohammed3Haidar Hussein Barjas4Bassam Muthanna5Mohammed Bashir6Anand Kartha7Department of Endocrinology, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical CorporationDepartment of Endocrinology, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical CorporationDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas CityDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical CorporationDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical CorporationDepartment of Geriatrics, University of Illinois College of MedicineDepartment of Endocrinology, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical CorporationDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical CorporationAbstract Background Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was once known to be specific to type-1 diabetes-mellitus (T1D); however, many cases are now seen in patients with type-2 diabetes-mellitus (T2D). Little is known about how this etiology shift affects DKA's outcomes. Methods We studied consecutive index DKA admissions from January 2015 to March 2021. Descriptive analyses were performed based on pre-existing T1D and T2D (PT1D and PT2D, respectively) and newly diagnosed T1D and T2D (NT1D and NT2D, respectively). Results Of the 922 patients, 480 (52%) had T1D, of which 69% had PT1D and 31% NT1D, whereas 442 (48%) had T2D, of which 60% had PT2D and 40% NT2D. The mean age was highest in PT2D (47.6 ± 13.1 years) and lowest in PT1D (27.3 ± 0.5 years) (P < 0.001). Patients in all groups were predominantly male except in the PT1D group (55% females) (P < 0.001). Most patients were Arabic (76% in PT1D, 51.4% in NT1D, 46.6% in PT2D) except for NT2D, which mainly comprised Asians (53%) (P < 0.001). Patients with NT2D had the longest hospital length of stay (LOS) (6.8 ± 11.3 days) (P < 0.001), longest DKA duration (26.6 ± 21.1 h) (P < 0.001), and more intensive-care unit (ICU) admissions (31.2%) (P < 0.001). Patients with PT1D had the shortest LOS (2.5 ± 3.5 days) (P < 0.001), DKA duration (18.9 ± 4.2 h) (P < 0.001), and lowest ICU admissions (16.6%) (P < 0.001). Conclusions/interpretation We presented the largest regional data on differences in DKA based on the type and duration of diabetes- mellitus (DM), showing that T2D is becoming an increasing cause of DKA, with worse clinical outcomes (especially newly diagnosed T2D) compared to T1D.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-023-01446-8Diabetic ketoacidosisDKAType 1 DiabetesType 2 Diabetes |
| spellingShingle | Fateen Ata Adeel Ahmad Khan Ibrahim Khamees Baian Z. M. Mohammed Haidar Hussein Barjas Bassam Muthanna Mohammed Bashir Anand Kartha Differential evolution of diabetic ketoacidosis in adults with pre-existent versus newly diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus BMC Endocrine Disorders Diabetic ketoacidosis DKA Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes |
| title | Differential evolution of diabetic ketoacidosis in adults with pre-existent versus newly diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| title_full | Differential evolution of diabetic ketoacidosis in adults with pre-existent versus newly diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| title_fullStr | Differential evolution of diabetic ketoacidosis in adults with pre-existent versus newly diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Differential evolution of diabetic ketoacidosis in adults with pre-existent versus newly diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| title_short | Differential evolution of diabetic ketoacidosis in adults with pre-existent versus newly diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| title_sort | differential evolution of diabetic ketoacidosis in adults with pre existent versus newly diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| topic | Diabetic ketoacidosis DKA Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-023-01446-8 |
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