The controversial therapeutic journey of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the battle against SARS-CoV-2: A comprehensive review
Recently, the pandemic outbreak of a novel coronavirus, officially termed as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), indicated by a pulmonary infection in humans, has become one of the most significant challenges for public health. In the current fight against coronavirus disea...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Medicine in Drug Discovery |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590098621000063 |
| _version_ | 1819096619692326912 |
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| author | Subham Das Anu Kunnath Ramachandran Sumit Raosaheb Birangal Saleem Akbar Bahar Ahmed Alex Joseph |
| author_facet | Subham Das Anu Kunnath Ramachandran Sumit Raosaheb Birangal Saleem Akbar Bahar Ahmed Alex Joseph |
| author_sort | Subham Das |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recently, the pandemic outbreak of a novel coronavirus, officially termed as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), indicated by a pulmonary infection in humans, has become one of the most significant challenges for public health. In the current fight against coronavirus disease-2019, the medical and health authorities across the world focused on quick diagnosis and isolation of patients; meanwhile, researchers worldwide are exploring the possibility of developing vaccines and novel therapeutic options to combat this deadly disease. Recently, based on various small clinical observations, uncontrolled case studies and previously reported antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-1 chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have attracted exceptional consideration as possible therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2. However, there are reports on little to no effect of CQ or HCQ against SARS-CoV-2, and many reports have raised concerns about their cardiac toxicity. Here, in this review, we examine the chemistry, molecular mechanism, and pharmacology, including the current scenario and future prospects of CQ or HCQ in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T00:02:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-42b876554e334913940d93120e2fef0f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2590-0986 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T00:02:05Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicine in Drug Discovery |
| spelling | doaj.art-42b876554e334913940d93120e2fef0f2022-12-21T18:45:40ZengElsevierMedicine in Drug Discovery2590-09862021-06-0110100085The controversial therapeutic journey of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the battle against SARS-CoV-2: A comprehensive reviewSubham Das0Anu Kunnath Ramachandran1Sumit Raosaheb Birangal2Saleem Akbar3Bahar Ahmed4Alex Joseph5Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India; Manipal McGill Centre for Infectious Diseases, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India; Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India; Corresponding author.Recently, the pandemic outbreak of a novel coronavirus, officially termed as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), indicated by a pulmonary infection in humans, has become one of the most significant challenges for public health. In the current fight against coronavirus disease-2019, the medical and health authorities across the world focused on quick diagnosis and isolation of patients; meanwhile, researchers worldwide are exploring the possibility of developing vaccines and novel therapeutic options to combat this deadly disease. Recently, based on various small clinical observations, uncontrolled case studies and previously reported antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-1 chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have attracted exceptional consideration as possible therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2. However, there are reports on little to no effect of CQ or HCQ against SARS-CoV-2, and many reports have raised concerns about their cardiac toxicity. Here, in this review, we examine the chemistry, molecular mechanism, and pharmacology, including the current scenario and future prospects of CQ or HCQ in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590098621000063CoronavirusCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2ChloroquineHydroxychloroquineCytokine storm |
| spellingShingle | Subham Das Anu Kunnath Ramachandran Sumit Raosaheb Birangal Saleem Akbar Bahar Ahmed Alex Joseph The controversial therapeutic journey of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the battle against SARS-CoV-2: A comprehensive review Medicine in Drug Discovery Coronavirus COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Chloroquine Hydroxychloroquine Cytokine storm |
| title | The controversial therapeutic journey of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the battle against SARS-CoV-2: A comprehensive review |
| title_full | The controversial therapeutic journey of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the battle against SARS-CoV-2: A comprehensive review |
| title_fullStr | The controversial therapeutic journey of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the battle against SARS-CoV-2: A comprehensive review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The controversial therapeutic journey of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the battle against SARS-CoV-2: A comprehensive review |
| title_short | The controversial therapeutic journey of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the battle against SARS-CoV-2: A comprehensive review |
| title_sort | controversial therapeutic journey of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the battle against sars cov 2 a comprehensive review |
| topic | Coronavirus COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Chloroquine Hydroxychloroquine Cytokine storm |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590098621000063 |
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