Energy-Efficient Chemiresistive Sensor Array Based on SWCNT Networks, WO<sub>3</sub> Nanochannels and SWCNT-Pt Heterojunctions for NH<sub>3</sub> Detection against the Background Humidity
Recently, promising results have been achieved in improving the sensitivity to ammonia in gas sensors through the use of structures composed of heterojunctions or nanochannels. However, their sensitivity is highly dependent on the background humidity under air conditions. The sensor structures which...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-11-01
|
| Series: | Chemosensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/10/11/476 |
| _version_ | 1797465634034941952 |
|---|---|
| author | Alexey V. Romashkin Andrey V. Lashkov Victor V. Sysoev Nikolay S. Struchkov Evgeny V. Alexandrov Denis D. Levin |
| author_facet | Alexey V. Romashkin Andrey V. Lashkov Victor V. Sysoev Nikolay S. Struchkov Evgeny V. Alexandrov Denis D. Levin |
| author_sort | Alexey V. Romashkin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recently, promising results have been achieved in improving the sensitivity to ammonia in gas sensors through the use of structures composed of heterojunctions or nanochannels. However, their sensitivity is highly dependent on the background humidity under air conditions. The sensor structures which could ensure selective ammonia detection with a low detection limit, despite interference from changing background humidity, remain highly demanded. In this work, we consider sensing units containing (i) nanochannels formed by a continuous tungsten oxide nanolayer to appear in contact between single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and a Pt sublayer and (ii) SWCNT-Pt junctions in frames of mass-scale microelectronic technologies. SWCNTs were deposited by spray-coating on a thin WO<sub>3</sub>/Pt/W sublayer formed by a photolithographic pattern to be accompanied by satellite samples with just SWCNTs for reference purposes. We elucidate the specific differences that appeared in the response of sensors based on SWCNT-Pt junctions and WO<sub>3</sub> nanochannels relative to satellite SWCNT samples with a similar SWCNT network density. Particularly, while a similar response to NH<sub>3</sub> vapors mixed with dry air is observed for each sensor type, the response to NH<sub>3</sub> is reduced significantly in the presence of background humidity, of 45 rel.%, especially in the case of WO<sub>3</sub> nanochannel structures even at room temperature. A multisensor array based on the four various sensing structures involving SWCNT-Pt junctions, WO<sub>3</sub> nanochannels, and their satellite-only-SWCNT ones allowed us to determine a correct ammonia concentration via utilizing the linear discriminant analysis despite the presence of background air humidity. Thus, such an energy-efficient multisensor system can be used for environmental monitoring of ammonia content, health monitoring, and other applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:24:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-42b958d424f940c58cf8d6e231a285d4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9040 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:24:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Chemosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-42b958d424f940c58cf8d6e231a285d42023-11-24T07:59:47ZengMDPI AGChemosensors2227-90402022-11-01101147610.3390/chemosensors10110476Energy-Efficient Chemiresistive Sensor Array Based on SWCNT Networks, WO<sub>3</sub> Nanochannels and SWCNT-Pt Heterojunctions for NH<sub>3</sub> Detection against the Background HumidityAlexey V. Romashkin0Andrey V. Lashkov1Victor V. Sysoev2Nikolay S. Struchkov3Evgeny V. Alexandrov4Denis D. Levin5Center for Probe Microscopy and Nanotechnology, National Research University of Electronic Technology, Moscow 124498, RussiaCenter for Probe Microscopy and Nanotechnology, National Research University of Electronic Technology, Moscow 124498, RussiaDepartment of Physics, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, Saratov 410054, RussiaCenter for Probe Microscopy and Nanotechnology, National Research University of Electronic Technology, Moscow 124498, RussiaCenter for Probe Microscopy and Nanotechnology, National Research University of Electronic Technology, Moscow 124498, RussiaCenter for Probe Microscopy and Nanotechnology, National Research University of Electronic Technology, Moscow 124498, RussiaRecently, promising results have been achieved in improving the sensitivity to ammonia in gas sensors through the use of structures composed of heterojunctions or nanochannels. However, their sensitivity is highly dependent on the background humidity under air conditions. The sensor structures which could ensure selective ammonia detection with a low detection limit, despite interference from changing background humidity, remain highly demanded. In this work, we consider sensing units containing (i) nanochannels formed by a continuous tungsten oxide nanolayer to appear in contact between single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and a Pt sublayer and (ii) SWCNT-Pt junctions in frames of mass-scale microelectronic technologies. SWCNTs were deposited by spray-coating on a thin WO<sub>3</sub>/Pt/W sublayer formed by a photolithographic pattern to be accompanied by satellite samples with just SWCNTs for reference purposes. We elucidate the specific differences that appeared in the response of sensors based on SWCNT-Pt junctions and WO<sub>3</sub> nanochannels relative to satellite SWCNT samples with a similar SWCNT network density. Particularly, while a similar response to NH<sub>3</sub> vapors mixed with dry air is observed for each sensor type, the response to NH<sub>3</sub> is reduced significantly in the presence of background humidity, of 45 rel.%, especially in the case of WO<sub>3</sub> nanochannel structures even at room temperature. A multisensor array based on the four various sensing structures involving SWCNT-Pt junctions, WO<sub>3</sub> nanochannels, and their satellite-only-SWCNT ones allowed us to determine a correct ammonia concentration via utilizing the linear discriminant analysis despite the presence of background air humidity. Thus, such an energy-efficient multisensor system can be used for environmental monitoring of ammonia content, health monitoring, and other applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/10/11/476carbon nanotubenanochanneltungsten oxideheterojunctionmultisensor arrayammonia |
| spellingShingle | Alexey V. Romashkin Andrey V. Lashkov Victor V. Sysoev Nikolay S. Struchkov Evgeny V. Alexandrov Denis D. Levin Energy-Efficient Chemiresistive Sensor Array Based on SWCNT Networks, WO<sub>3</sub> Nanochannels and SWCNT-Pt Heterojunctions for NH<sub>3</sub> Detection against the Background Humidity Chemosensors carbon nanotube nanochannel tungsten oxide heterojunction multisensor array ammonia |
| title | Energy-Efficient Chemiresistive Sensor Array Based on SWCNT Networks, WO<sub>3</sub> Nanochannels and SWCNT-Pt Heterojunctions for NH<sub>3</sub> Detection against the Background Humidity |
| title_full | Energy-Efficient Chemiresistive Sensor Array Based on SWCNT Networks, WO<sub>3</sub> Nanochannels and SWCNT-Pt Heterojunctions for NH<sub>3</sub> Detection against the Background Humidity |
| title_fullStr | Energy-Efficient Chemiresistive Sensor Array Based on SWCNT Networks, WO<sub>3</sub> Nanochannels and SWCNT-Pt Heterojunctions for NH<sub>3</sub> Detection against the Background Humidity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy-Efficient Chemiresistive Sensor Array Based on SWCNT Networks, WO<sub>3</sub> Nanochannels and SWCNT-Pt Heterojunctions for NH<sub>3</sub> Detection against the Background Humidity |
| title_short | Energy-Efficient Chemiresistive Sensor Array Based on SWCNT Networks, WO<sub>3</sub> Nanochannels and SWCNT-Pt Heterojunctions for NH<sub>3</sub> Detection against the Background Humidity |
| title_sort | energy efficient chemiresistive sensor array based on swcnt networks wo sub 3 sub nanochannels and swcnt pt heterojunctions for nh sub 3 sub detection against the background humidity |
| topic | carbon nanotube nanochannel tungsten oxide heterojunction multisensor array ammonia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/10/11/476 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alexeyvromashkin energyefficientchemiresistivesensorarraybasedonswcntnetworkswosub3subnanochannelsandswcntptheterojunctionsfornhsub3subdetectionagainstthebackgroundhumidity AT andreyvlashkov energyefficientchemiresistivesensorarraybasedonswcntnetworkswosub3subnanochannelsandswcntptheterojunctionsfornhsub3subdetectionagainstthebackgroundhumidity AT victorvsysoev energyefficientchemiresistivesensorarraybasedonswcntnetworkswosub3subnanochannelsandswcntptheterojunctionsfornhsub3subdetectionagainstthebackgroundhumidity AT nikolaysstruchkov energyefficientchemiresistivesensorarraybasedonswcntnetworkswosub3subnanochannelsandswcntptheterojunctionsfornhsub3subdetectionagainstthebackgroundhumidity AT evgenyvalexandrov energyefficientchemiresistivesensorarraybasedonswcntnetworkswosub3subnanochannelsandswcntptheterojunctionsfornhsub3subdetectionagainstthebackgroundhumidity AT denisdlevin energyefficientchemiresistivesensorarraybasedonswcntnetworkswosub3subnanochannelsandswcntptheterojunctionsfornhsub3subdetectionagainstthebackgroundhumidity |