The Mechanisms of Disease Caused by Acinetobacter baumannii
Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram negative opportunistic pathogen that has demonstrated a significant insurgence in the prevalence of infections over recent decades. With only a limited number of “traditional” virulence factors, the mechanisms underlying the success of this pathogen remain of great...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01601/full |
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| author | Faye C. Morris Carina Dexter Xenia Kostoulias Muhammad Ikhtear Uddin Anton Y. Peleg Anton Y. Peleg |
| author_facet | Faye C. Morris Carina Dexter Xenia Kostoulias Muhammad Ikhtear Uddin Anton Y. Peleg Anton Y. Peleg |
| author_sort | Faye C. Morris |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram negative opportunistic pathogen that has demonstrated a significant insurgence in the prevalence of infections over recent decades. With only a limited number of “traditional” virulence factors, the mechanisms underlying the success of this pathogen remain of great interest. Major advances have been made in the tools, reagents, and models to study A. baumannii pathogenesis, and this has resulted in a substantial increase in knowledge. This article provides a comprehensive review of the bacterial virulence factors, the host immune responses, and animal models applicable for the study of this important human pathogen. Collating the most recent evidence characterizing bacterial virulence factors, their cellular targets and genetic regulation, we have encompassed numerous aspects important to the success of this pathogen, including membrane proteins and cell surface adaptations promoting immune evasion, mechanisms for nutrient acquisition and community interactions. The role of innate and adaptive immune responses is reviewed and areas of paucity in our understanding are highlighted. Finally, with the vast expansion of available animal models over recent years, we have evaluated those suitable for use in the study of Acinetobacter disease, discussing their advantages and limitations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T03:52:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-42bb421a96b446a38c15404621e985b2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T03:52:31Z |
| publishDate | 2019-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-42bb421a96b446a38c15404621e985b22022-12-21T20:36:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2019-07-011010.3389/fmicb.2019.01601448380The Mechanisms of Disease Caused by Acinetobacter baumanniiFaye C. Morris0Carina Dexter1Xenia Kostoulias2Muhammad Ikhtear Uddin3Anton Y. Peleg4Anton Y. Peleg5Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, AustraliaInfection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, AustraliaInfection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, AustraliaInfection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, AustraliaInfection and Immunity Program, Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, AustraliaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaAcinetobacter baumannii is a Gram negative opportunistic pathogen that has demonstrated a significant insurgence in the prevalence of infections over recent decades. With only a limited number of “traditional” virulence factors, the mechanisms underlying the success of this pathogen remain of great interest. Major advances have been made in the tools, reagents, and models to study A. baumannii pathogenesis, and this has resulted in a substantial increase in knowledge. This article provides a comprehensive review of the bacterial virulence factors, the host immune responses, and animal models applicable for the study of this important human pathogen. Collating the most recent evidence characterizing bacterial virulence factors, their cellular targets and genetic regulation, we have encompassed numerous aspects important to the success of this pathogen, including membrane proteins and cell surface adaptations promoting immune evasion, mechanisms for nutrient acquisition and community interactions. The role of innate and adaptive immune responses is reviewed and areas of paucity in our understanding are highlighted. Finally, with the vast expansion of available animal models over recent years, we have evaluated those suitable for use in the study of Acinetobacter disease, discussing their advantages and limitations.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01601/fullA. baumanniihost-pathogen interactionsanimal modelsimmune responsebacterial virulence factors |
| spellingShingle | Faye C. Morris Carina Dexter Xenia Kostoulias Muhammad Ikhtear Uddin Anton Y. Peleg Anton Y. Peleg The Mechanisms of Disease Caused by Acinetobacter baumannii Frontiers in Microbiology A. baumannii host-pathogen interactions animal models immune response bacterial virulence factors |
| title | The Mechanisms of Disease Caused by Acinetobacter baumannii |
| title_full | The Mechanisms of Disease Caused by Acinetobacter baumannii |
| title_fullStr | The Mechanisms of Disease Caused by Acinetobacter baumannii |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Mechanisms of Disease Caused by Acinetobacter baumannii |
| title_short | The Mechanisms of Disease Caused by Acinetobacter baumannii |
| title_sort | mechanisms of disease caused by acinetobacter baumannii |
| topic | A. baumannii host-pathogen interactions animal models immune response bacterial virulence factors |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01601/full |
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