Current insights of inspiratory muscle training on the cardiovascular system: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Graziella FB Cipriano,1,2 Gerson Cipriano Jr,1,2 Francisco V Santos,1,3 Adriana M Güntzel Chiappa,4 Luigi Pires,5 Lawrence Patrick Cahalin,2 Gaspar R Chiappa5,61Physical Therapy Department, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil; 2Department of Physical Therapy, University of Miami Miller...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Dove Medical Press
2019-05-01
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| Series: | Integrated Blood Pressure Control |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/current-insights-of-inspiratory-muscle-training-on-the-cardiovascular--peer-reviewed-article-IBPC |
| _version_ | 1811341788609249280 |
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| author | Cipriano GFB Cipriano Jr G Santos FV Güntzel Chiappa AM Pires L Cahalin LP Chiappa GR |
| author_facet | Cipriano GFB Cipriano Jr G Santos FV Güntzel Chiappa AM Pires L Cahalin LP Chiappa GR |
| author_sort | Cipriano GFB |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Graziella FB Cipriano,1,2 Gerson Cipriano Jr,1,2 Francisco V Santos,1,3 Adriana M Güntzel Chiappa,4 Luigi Pires,5 Lawrence Patrick Cahalin,2 Gaspar R Chiappa5,61Physical Therapy Department, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil; 2Department of Physical Therapy, University of Miami Miller School Of Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, USA; 3Department of Education and Training in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; 4Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; 5Centro Universitário do Planalto Central Professor Apparecido dos Santos, Brasilia, Brazil; 6University Center, UniEvangelica, Anapolis, Goias, BrazilBackground: Cardiorespiratory limitation is a common hallmark of cardiovascular disease which is a key component of pharmacological and exercise treatments. More recently, inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is becoming an effective complementary treatment with positive effects on muscle strength and exercise capacity. We assessed the effectiveness of IMT on the cardiovascular system through autonomic function modulation via heart rate variability and arterial blood pressure.Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified from searches of The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE and EMBASE to November 2018. Citations, conference proceedings and previous reviews were included without population restriction, comparing IMT intervention to no treatment, placebo or active control.Results: We identified 10 RCTs involving 267 subjects (mean age range 51–71 years). IMT programs targeted maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and cardiovascular outcomes, using low (n=6) and moderate to high intensity (n=4) protocols, but the protocols varied considerably (duration: 1–12 weeks, frequency: 3–14 times/week, time: 10–30 mins). An overall increase of the MIP (cmH2O) was observed (−27.57 95% CI −18.48, −37.45, I2=64%), according to weighted mean difference (95%CI), and was accompanied by a reduction of the low to high frequency ratio (−0.72 95% CI−1.40, −0.05, I2=50%). In a subgroup analysis, low- and moderate-intensity IMT treatment was associated with a reduction of the heart rate (HR) (−7.59 95% CI −13.96, −1.22 bpm, I2=0%) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (−8.29 [−11.64, −4.94 mmHg], I2=0%), respectively.Conclusion: IMT is an effective treatment for inspiratory muscle weakness in several populations and could be considered as a complementary treatment to improve the cardiovascular system, mainly HR and DBP. Further research is required to better understand the above findings.Keywords: breathing exercises, respiratory muscle training, cardiovascular system |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T19:00:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-42cdfb4b83514389a327709b3878faee |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1178-7104 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T19:00:07Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Integrated Blood Pressure Control |
| spelling | doaj.art-42cdfb4b83514389a327709b3878faee2022-12-22T02:34:07ZengDove Medical PressIntegrated Blood Pressure Control1178-71042019-05-01Volume 1211145921Current insights of inspiratory muscle training on the cardiovascular system: a systematic review with meta-analysisCipriano GFBCipriano Jr GSantos FVGüntzel Chiappa AMPires LCahalin LPChiappa GRGraziella FB Cipriano,1,2 Gerson Cipriano Jr,1,2 Francisco V Santos,1,3 Adriana M Güntzel Chiappa,4 Luigi Pires,5 Lawrence Patrick Cahalin,2 Gaspar R Chiappa5,61Physical Therapy Department, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil; 2Department of Physical Therapy, University of Miami Miller School Of Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, USA; 3Department of Education and Training in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; 4Intensive Care Unit, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; 5Centro Universitário do Planalto Central Professor Apparecido dos Santos, Brasilia, Brazil; 6University Center, UniEvangelica, Anapolis, Goias, BrazilBackground: Cardiorespiratory limitation is a common hallmark of cardiovascular disease which is a key component of pharmacological and exercise treatments. More recently, inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is becoming an effective complementary treatment with positive effects on muscle strength and exercise capacity. We assessed the effectiveness of IMT on the cardiovascular system through autonomic function modulation via heart rate variability and arterial blood pressure.Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified from searches of The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE and EMBASE to November 2018. Citations, conference proceedings and previous reviews were included without population restriction, comparing IMT intervention to no treatment, placebo or active control.Results: We identified 10 RCTs involving 267 subjects (mean age range 51–71 years). IMT programs targeted maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and cardiovascular outcomes, using low (n=6) and moderate to high intensity (n=4) protocols, but the protocols varied considerably (duration: 1–12 weeks, frequency: 3–14 times/week, time: 10–30 mins). An overall increase of the MIP (cmH2O) was observed (−27.57 95% CI −18.48, −37.45, I2=64%), according to weighted mean difference (95%CI), and was accompanied by a reduction of the low to high frequency ratio (−0.72 95% CI−1.40, −0.05, I2=50%). In a subgroup analysis, low- and moderate-intensity IMT treatment was associated with a reduction of the heart rate (HR) (−7.59 95% CI −13.96, −1.22 bpm, I2=0%) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (−8.29 [−11.64, −4.94 mmHg], I2=0%), respectively.Conclusion: IMT is an effective treatment for inspiratory muscle weakness in several populations and could be considered as a complementary treatment to improve the cardiovascular system, mainly HR and DBP. Further research is required to better understand the above findings.Keywords: breathing exercises, respiratory muscle training, cardiovascular systemhttps://www.dovepress.com/current-insights-of-inspiratory-muscle-training-on-the-cardiovascular--peer-reviewed-article-IBPCBreathing exercisesRespiratory muscle trainingCardiovascular system |
| spellingShingle | Cipriano GFB Cipriano Jr G Santos FV Güntzel Chiappa AM Pires L Cahalin LP Chiappa GR Current insights of inspiratory muscle training on the cardiovascular system: a systematic review with meta-analysis Integrated Blood Pressure Control Breathing exercises Respiratory muscle training Cardiovascular system |
| title | Current insights of inspiratory muscle training on the cardiovascular system: a systematic review with meta-analysis |
| title_full | Current insights of inspiratory muscle training on the cardiovascular system: a systematic review with meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | Current insights of inspiratory muscle training on the cardiovascular system: a systematic review with meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Current insights of inspiratory muscle training on the cardiovascular system: a systematic review with meta-analysis |
| title_short | Current insights of inspiratory muscle training on the cardiovascular system: a systematic review with meta-analysis |
| title_sort | current insights of inspiratory muscle training on the cardiovascular system a systematic review with meta analysis |
| topic | Breathing exercises Respiratory muscle training Cardiovascular system |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/current-insights-of-inspiratory-muscle-training-on-the-cardiovascular--peer-reviewed-article-IBPC |
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