Detecting Local Adaptation between North and South European Atlantic Salmon Populations
Pollution and other anthropogenic effects have driven a decrease in Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) in the Iberian Peninsula. The restocking effort carried out in the 1980s, with salmon from northern latitudes with the aim of mitigating the decline of native populations, failed, pro...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-06-01
|
| Series: | Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/6/933 |
| _version_ | 1797489791588106240 |
|---|---|
| author | María Gabián Paloma Morán María Saura Antonio Carvajal-Rodríguez |
| author_facet | María Gabián Paloma Morán María Saura Antonio Carvajal-Rodríguez |
| author_sort | María Gabián |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pollution and other anthropogenic effects have driven a decrease in Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) in the Iberian Peninsula. The restocking effort carried out in the 1980s, with salmon from northern latitudes with the aim of mitigating the decline of native populations, failed, probably due to the deficiency in adaptation of foreign salmon from northern Europe to the warm waters of the Iberian Peninsula. This result would imply that the Iberian populations of Atlantic salmon have experienced local adaptation in their past evolutionary history, as has been described for other populations of this species and other salmonids. Local adaptation can occur by divergent selections between environments, favoring the fixation of alleles that increase the fitness of a population in the environment it inhabits relative to other alleles favored in another population. In this work, we compared the genomes of different populations from the Iberian Peninsula (Atlantic and Cantabric basins) and Scotland in order to provide tentative evidence of candidate SNPs responsible for the adaptive differences between populations, which may explain the failures of restocking carried out during the 1980s. For this purpose, the samples were genotyped with a 220,000 high-density SNP array (Affymetrix) specific to Atlantic salmon. Our results revealed potential evidence of local adaptation for North Spanish and Scottish populations. As expected, most differences concerned the comparison of the Iberian Peninsula with Scotland, although there were also differences between Atlantic and Cantabric populations. A high proportion of the genes identified are related to development and cellular metabolism, DNA transcription and anatomical structure. A particular SNP was identified within the NADP-dependent malic enzyme-2 (<sub>m</sub>MEP-2*), previously reported by independent studies as a candidate for local adaptation in salmon from the Iberian Peninsula. Interestingly, the corresponding SNP within the <sub>m</sub>MEP-2* region was consistent with a genomic pattern of divergent selection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:21:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-42d37a52315c43f2b01542f1c979ad88 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:21:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-42d37a52315c43f2b01542f1c979ad882023-11-23T15:40:48ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372022-06-0111693310.3390/biology11060933Detecting Local Adaptation between North and South European Atlantic Salmon PopulationsMaría Gabián0Paloma Morán1María Saura2Antonio Carvajal-Rodríguez3Centro de Investigación Mariña (CIM), Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, SpainCentro de Investigación Mariña (CIM), Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, SpainDepartamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, SpainCentro de Investigación Mariña (CIM), Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, SpainPollution and other anthropogenic effects have driven a decrease in Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) in the Iberian Peninsula. The restocking effort carried out in the 1980s, with salmon from northern latitudes with the aim of mitigating the decline of native populations, failed, probably due to the deficiency in adaptation of foreign salmon from northern Europe to the warm waters of the Iberian Peninsula. This result would imply that the Iberian populations of Atlantic salmon have experienced local adaptation in their past evolutionary history, as has been described for other populations of this species and other salmonids. Local adaptation can occur by divergent selections between environments, favoring the fixation of alleles that increase the fitness of a population in the environment it inhabits relative to other alleles favored in another population. In this work, we compared the genomes of different populations from the Iberian Peninsula (Atlantic and Cantabric basins) and Scotland in order to provide tentative evidence of candidate SNPs responsible for the adaptive differences between populations, which may explain the failures of restocking carried out during the 1980s. For this purpose, the samples were genotyped with a 220,000 high-density SNP array (Affymetrix) specific to Atlantic salmon. Our results revealed potential evidence of local adaptation for North Spanish and Scottish populations. As expected, most differences concerned the comparison of the Iberian Peninsula with Scotland, although there were also differences between Atlantic and Cantabric populations. A high proportion of the genes identified are related to development and cellular metabolism, DNA transcription and anatomical structure. A particular SNP was identified within the NADP-dependent malic enzyme-2 (<sub>m</sub>MEP-2*), previously reported by independent studies as a candidate for local adaptation in salmon from the Iberian Peninsula. Interestingly, the corresponding SNP within the <sub>m</sub>MEP-2* region was consistent with a genomic pattern of divergent selection.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/6/933Atlantic salmondivergent selectionlocal adaptationNADP-dependent malic enzyme-2SNP array |
| spellingShingle | María Gabián Paloma Morán María Saura Antonio Carvajal-Rodríguez Detecting Local Adaptation between North and South European Atlantic Salmon Populations Biology Atlantic salmon divergent selection local adaptation NADP-dependent malic enzyme-2 SNP array |
| title | Detecting Local Adaptation between North and South European Atlantic Salmon Populations |
| title_full | Detecting Local Adaptation between North and South European Atlantic Salmon Populations |
| title_fullStr | Detecting Local Adaptation between North and South European Atlantic Salmon Populations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detecting Local Adaptation between North and South European Atlantic Salmon Populations |
| title_short | Detecting Local Adaptation between North and South European Atlantic Salmon Populations |
| title_sort | detecting local adaptation between north and south european atlantic salmon populations |
| topic | Atlantic salmon divergent selection local adaptation NADP-dependent malic enzyme-2 SNP array |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/6/933 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mariagabian detectinglocaladaptationbetweennorthandsoutheuropeanatlanticsalmonpopulations AT palomamoran detectinglocaladaptationbetweennorthandsoutheuropeanatlanticsalmonpopulations AT mariasaura detectinglocaladaptationbetweennorthandsoutheuropeanatlanticsalmonpopulations AT antoniocarvajalrodriguez detectinglocaladaptationbetweennorthandsoutheuropeanatlanticsalmonpopulations |