Excess of Naturally Occurring Fluoride in Groundwater Discharge in Macaronesia: Brava Island, Cape Verde
A high concentration of fluoride in groundwater poses a risk to human health. One of the best-known problems related to excess fluoride in drinking water is dental fluorosis. The characteristic composition of volcanic rocks in oceanic islands tends to present high concentrations of fluoride in groun...
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/21/3421 |
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| author | Dilma Lopes Suely Barbosa Noelia Cruz-Pérez Alejandro García-Gil Miguel Ángel Marazuela Joselin S. Rodríguez-Alcántara Juan C. Santamarta |
| author_facet | Dilma Lopes Suely Barbosa Noelia Cruz-Pérez Alejandro García-Gil Miguel Ángel Marazuela Joselin S. Rodríguez-Alcántara Juan C. Santamarta |
| author_sort | Dilma Lopes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A high concentration of fluoride in groundwater poses a risk to human health. One of the best-known problems related to excess fluoride in drinking water is dental fluorosis. The characteristic composition of volcanic rocks in oceanic islands tends to present high concentrations of fluoride in groundwater discharge in springs. This study investigates fluoride content in two springs (Encontro and Ferreiros) on the island of Brava (Cape Verde), with the objective of monitoring the operational control production and distribution of drinking water. Using a spectrophotometric method, the level of fluoride found in the water discharged from the Encontro spring was found to be in the range of 4.8 to 6.5 mg/L, whereas at the Ferreiros spring, it was 5.8 to 6.2 mg/L. These results are far above the threshold limit established in the decree No. 5 of 2017 of the Cape Verdean legislation, whose legal threshold value for fluoride is 1.5 mg/L, the same value established by the World Health Organization (WHO). Due to geological conditions and consequences for the health of the population, the water is not adequate for consumption without proper treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:33:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-42d441743fe54f9b88d83cea12cb00a5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:33:02Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-42d441743fe54f9b88d83cea12cb00a52023-11-24T07:19:11ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-10-011421342110.3390/w14213421Excess of Naturally Occurring Fluoride in Groundwater Discharge in Macaronesia: Brava Island, Cape VerdeDilma Lopes0Suely Barbosa1Noelia Cruz-Pérez2Alejandro García-Gil3Miguel Ángel Marazuela4Joselin S. Rodríguez-Alcántara5Juan C. Santamarta6Universidade de Cabo Verde, Zona K do Palmarejo Grande, Praia 7943-010, Santiago, Cape VerdeUniversidade Católica de Lisboa Portugal, Palma de Cima, Edifício Reitoria, 1649-023 Lisboa, PortugalDepartamento de Ingeniería Agraria y del Medio Natural, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 Tenerife, SpainGeological Survey of Spain (IGME), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/Ríos Rosas 23, 28003 Madrid, SpainCentre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Environmental Geosciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2 UZAII, 1090 Vienna, AustriaDepartamento de Ingeniería Agraria y del Medio Natural, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 Tenerife, SpainDepartamento de Ingeniería Agraria y del Medio Natural, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 Tenerife, SpainA high concentration of fluoride in groundwater poses a risk to human health. One of the best-known problems related to excess fluoride in drinking water is dental fluorosis. The characteristic composition of volcanic rocks in oceanic islands tends to present high concentrations of fluoride in groundwater discharge in springs. This study investigates fluoride content in two springs (Encontro and Ferreiros) on the island of Brava (Cape Verde), with the objective of monitoring the operational control production and distribution of drinking water. Using a spectrophotometric method, the level of fluoride found in the water discharged from the Encontro spring was found to be in the range of 4.8 to 6.5 mg/L, whereas at the Ferreiros spring, it was 5.8 to 6.2 mg/L. These results are far above the threshold limit established in the decree No. 5 of 2017 of the Cape Verdean legislation, whose legal threshold value for fluoride is 1.5 mg/L, the same value established by the World Health Organization (WHO). Due to geological conditions and consequences for the health of the population, the water is not adequate for consumption without proper treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/21/3421drinking waterexcess fluoridedental fluorosiswater qualityvolcanic islandaquifer |
| spellingShingle | Dilma Lopes Suely Barbosa Noelia Cruz-Pérez Alejandro García-Gil Miguel Ángel Marazuela Joselin S. Rodríguez-Alcántara Juan C. Santamarta Excess of Naturally Occurring Fluoride in Groundwater Discharge in Macaronesia: Brava Island, Cape Verde Water drinking water excess fluoride dental fluorosis water quality volcanic island aquifer |
| title | Excess of Naturally Occurring Fluoride in Groundwater Discharge in Macaronesia: Brava Island, Cape Verde |
| title_full | Excess of Naturally Occurring Fluoride in Groundwater Discharge in Macaronesia: Brava Island, Cape Verde |
| title_fullStr | Excess of Naturally Occurring Fluoride in Groundwater Discharge in Macaronesia: Brava Island, Cape Verde |
| title_full_unstemmed | Excess of Naturally Occurring Fluoride in Groundwater Discharge in Macaronesia: Brava Island, Cape Verde |
| title_short | Excess of Naturally Occurring Fluoride in Groundwater Discharge in Macaronesia: Brava Island, Cape Verde |
| title_sort | excess of naturally occurring fluoride in groundwater discharge in macaronesia brava island cape verde |
| topic | drinking water excess fluoride dental fluorosis water quality volcanic island aquifer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/21/3421 |
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