Depression of Groundwater Table and Reduced Nitrogen Application Jointly Regulate the Bacterial Composition of <i>nir</i>S-Type and <i>nir</i>K-Type Genes in Agricultural Soil
Despite the known influence of nitrogen fertilization and groundwater conditions on soil microbial communities, the effects of their interactions on bacterial composition of denitrifier communities have been rarely quantified. Therefore, a large lysimeter experiment was conducted to examine how and...
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| author | Fangfang Bai Xuebin Qi Ping Li Dongmei Qiao Jianming Wang Zhenjie Du Yingjun She Wei Guo Hongfei Lu |
| author_facet | Fangfang Bai Xuebin Qi Ping Li Dongmei Qiao Jianming Wang Zhenjie Du Yingjun She Wei Guo Hongfei Lu |
| author_sort | Fangfang Bai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Despite the known influence of nitrogen fertilization and groundwater conditions on soil microbial communities, the effects of their interactions on bacterial composition of denitrifier communities have been rarely quantified. Therefore, a large lysimeter experiment was conducted to examine how and to what extent groundwater table changes and reduced nitrogen application would influence the bacterial composition of <i>nir</i>K-type and <i>nir</i>S-type genes. The bacterial composition of <i>nir</i>K-type and <i>nir</i>S-type genes were compared at two levels of N input and three groundwater table levels. Our results demonstrated that depression of groundwater table, reduced nitrogen application and their interactions would lead to drastic shifts in the bacterial composition of <i>nir</i>S-type and <i>nir</i>K-type genes. Structural equation models (SEMs) indicated that depression of groundwater table and reduced nitrogen application not only directly altered the species composition of denitrifier bacterial communities, but also indirectly influenced them through regulating soil nutrient and salinity. Furthermore, the variation in soil NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>–N and electrical conductivity caused by depression of groundwater table and reduced nitrogen application played the most important role in altering the community composition of denitrifier bacterial communities. Together, our findings provide first-hand evidence that depression of groundwater table and reduced nitrogen application jointly regulate the species composition of denitrifier bacterial communities in agricultural soil. We highlight that local environmental conditions such as groundwater table and soil attributes should be taken into account to enrich our knowledge of the impact of nitrogen fertilization on soil denitrifier bacterial communities, or even biogeochemical cycles. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-42ef1e6f21644e2a90fa6408722a14c12023-11-21T00:02:50ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412020-12-011212345910.3390/w12123459Depression of Groundwater Table and Reduced Nitrogen Application Jointly Regulate the Bacterial Composition of <i>nir</i>S-Type and <i>nir</i>K-Type Genes in Agricultural SoilFangfang Bai0Xuebin Qi1Ping Li2Dongmei Qiao3Jianming Wang4Zhenjie Du5Yingjun She6Wei Guo7Hongfei Lu8Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, ChinaFarmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, ChinaWater Environment Factor Risk Assessment Laboratory of Agricultural Products Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Xinxiang 453002, ChinaFarmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaWater Environment Factor Risk Assessment Laboratory of Agricultural Products Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Xinxiang 453002, ChinaFarmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, ChinaFarmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, ChinaFarmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, ChinaDespite the known influence of nitrogen fertilization and groundwater conditions on soil microbial communities, the effects of their interactions on bacterial composition of denitrifier communities have been rarely quantified. Therefore, a large lysimeter experiment was conducted to examine how and to what extent groundwater table changes and reduced nitrogen application would influence the bacterial composition of <i>nir</i>K-type and <i>nir</i>S-type genes. The bacterial composition of <i>nir</i>K-type and <i>nir</i>S-type genes were compared at two levels of N input and three groundwater table levels. Our results demonstrated that depression of groundwater table, reduced nitrogen application and their interactions would lead to drastic shifts in the bacterial composition of <i>nir</i>S-type and <i>nir</i>K-type genes. Structural equation models (SEMs) indicated that depression of groundwater table and reduced nitrogen application not only directly altered the species composition of denitrifier bacterial communities, but also indirectly influenced them through regulating soil nutrient and salinity. Furthermore, the variation in soil NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>–N and electrical conductivity caused by depression of groundwater table and reduced nitrogen application played the most important role in altering the community composition of denitrifier bacterial communities. Together, our findings provide first-hand evidence that depression of groundwater table and reduced nitrogen application jointly regulate the species composition of denitrifier bacterial communities in agricultural soil. We highlight that local environmental conditions such as groundwater table and soil attributes should be taken into account to enrich our knowledge of the impact of nitrogen fertilization on soil denitrifier bacterial communities, or even biogeochemical cycles.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/12/3459denitrifying bacteriagroundwater tablereduced nitrogen<i>nir</i>K-type and <i>nir</i>S-type genescultivated soil |
| spellingShingle | Fangfang Bai Xuebin Qi Ping Li Dongmei Qiao Jianming Wang Zhenjie Du Yingjun She Wei Guo Hongfei Lu Depression of Groundwater Table and Reduced Nitrogen Application Jointly Regulate the Bacterial Composition of <i>nir</i>S-Type and <i>nir</i>K-Type Genes in Agricultural Soil Water denitrifying bacteria groundwater table reduced nitrogen <i>nir</i>K-type and <i>nir</i>S-type genes cultivated soil |
| title | Depression of Groundwater Table and Reduced Nitrogen Application Jointly Regulate the Bacterial Composition of <i>nir</i>S-Type and <i>nir</i>K-Type Genes in Agricultural Soil |
| title_full | Depression of Groundwater Table and Reduced Nitrogen Application Jointly Regulate the Bacterial Composition of <i>nir</i>S-Type and <i>nir</i>K-Type Genes in Agricultural Soil |
| title_fullStr | Depression of Groundwater Table and Reduced Nitrogen Application Jointly Regulate the Bacterial Composition of <i>nir</i>S-Type and <i>nir</i>K-Type Genes in Agricultural Soil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Depression of Groundwater Table and Reduced Nitrogen Application Jointly Regulate the Bacterial Composition of <i>nir</i>S-Type and <i>nir</i>K-Type Genes in Agricultural Soil |
| title_short | Depression of Groundwater Table and Reduced Nitrogen Application Jointly Regulate the Bacterial Composition of <i>nir</i>S-Type and <i>nir</i>K-Type Genes in Agricultural Soil |
| title_sort | depression of groundwater table and reduced nitrogen application jointly regulate the bacterial composition of i nir i s type and i nir i k type genes in agricultural soil |
| topic | denitrifying bacteria groundwater table reduced nitrogen <i>nir</i>K-type and <i>nir</i>S-type genes cultivated soil |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/12/3459 |
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