Thymol@Natural Zeolite Nanohybrids for Chitosan/Polyvinyl-Alcohol-Based Hydrogels Applied as Active Pads
Currently, food saving, a circular economy, and zero environmental fingerprints are of major interest. Scientific efforts for enhanced food preservation using “green” methods have been intensified. Even though chemicals could achieve such targets effectively, the global trend against the “greenhouse...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Gels |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/7/570 |
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| author | Constantinos E. Salmas Eleni Kollia Learda Avdylaj Anna Kopsacheili Konstantinos Zaharioudakis Stavros Georgopoulos Areti Leontiou Katerina Katerinopoulou George Kehayias Anastasios Karakassides Charalampos Proestos Aris E. Giannakas |
| author_facet | Constantinos E. Salmas Eleni Kollia Learda Avdylaj Anna Kopsacheili Konstantinos Zaharioudakis Stavros Georgopoulos Areti Leontiou Katerina Katerinopoulou George Kehayias Anastasios Karakassides Charalampos Proestos Aris E. Giannakas |
| author_sort | Constantinos E. Salmas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Currently, food saving, a circular economy, and zero environmental fingerprints are of major interest. Scientific efforts for enhanced food preservation using “green” methods have been intensified. Even though chemicals could achieve such targets effectively, the global trend against the “greenhouse effect” suggests the use of environmentally friendly biobased materials for this purpose. In this study, the promising biopolymer chitosan is incorporated with the promising biodegradable polymer polyvinyl alcohol to produce an improved biopolymeric matrix. This biodegradable biopolymer was further mixed homogeneously with 15% thymol/nano-zeolite nanohybrid material. The properties of the final developed film were improved compared to the relevant values of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol film. The mechanical properties were enhanced significantly, i.e., there was a 34% increase in Young’s modulus and a 4.5% increase in the ultimate tensile strength, while the antioxidant activity increased by 53.4%. The antibacterial activity increased by 134% for <i>Escherichia coli</i>, 87.5% for <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, 32% for <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>, and 9% for <i>Salmonella enterica</i>. The water vapor diffusion coefficient and the oxygen permeability coefficient decreased to −51% and −74%, respectively, and thus, the water vapor and oxygen barrier increased significantly. The active pads were used in strawberries, and the antimicrobial activity evaluation against the mold of fungi was carried out. The visual evaluation shows that the active pads could extend the shelf life duration of strawberries. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:02:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-42ef2871aadc422bbe65d8c073c68f5d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2310-2861 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:02:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gels |
| spelling | doaj.art-42ef2871aadc422bbe65d8c073c68f5d2023-11-18T19:28:05ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612023-07-019757010.3390/gels9070570Thymol@Natural Zeolite Nanohybrids for Chitosan/Polyvinyl-Alcohol-Based Hydrogels Applied as Active PadsConstantinos E. Salmas0Eleni Kollia1Learda Avdylaj2Anna Kopsacheili3Konstantinos Zaharioudakis4Stavros Georgopoulos5Areti Leontiou6Katerina Katerinopoulou7George Kehayias8Anastasios Karakassides9Charalampos Proestos10Aris E. Giannakas11Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceLaboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15771 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15771 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15771 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Food Science and Technology, University of Patras, 30100 Agrinio, GreeceDepartment of Food Science and Technology, University of Patras, 30100 Agrinio, GreeceDepartment of Food Science and Technology, University of Patras, 30100 Agrinio, GreeceDepartment of Food Science and Technology, University of Patras, 30100 Agrinio, GreeceDepartment of Food Science and Technology, University of Patras, 30100 Agrinio, GreeceDepartment of Material Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceLaboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou, 15771 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Food Science and Technology, University of Patras, 30100 Agrinio, GreeceCurrently, food saving, a circular economy, and zero environmental fingerprints are of major interest. Scientific efforts for enhanced food preservation using “green” methods have been intensified. Even though chemicals could achieve such targets effectively, the global trend against the “greenhouse effect” suggests the use of environmentally friendly biobased materials for this purpose. In this study, the promising biopolymer chitosan is incorporated with the promising biodegradable polymer polyvinyl alcohol to produce an improved biopolymeric matrix. This biodegradable biopolymer was further mixed homogeneously with 15% thymol/nano-zeolite nanohybrid material. The properties of the final developed film were improved compared to the relevant values of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol film. The mechanical properties were enhanced significantly, i.e., there was a 34% increase in Young’s modulus and a 4.5% increase in the ultimate tensile strength, while the antioxidant activity increased by 53.4%. The antibacterial activity increased by 134% for <i>Escherichia coli</i>, 87.5% for <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, 32% for <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>, and 9% for <i>Salmonella enterica</i>. The water vapor diffusion coefficient and the oxygen permeability coefficient decreased to −51% and −74%, respectively, and thus, the water vapor and oxygen barrier increased significantly. The active pads were used in strawberries, and the antimicrobial activity evaluation against the mold of fungi was carried out. The visual evaluation shows that the active pads could extend the shelf life duration of strawberries.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/7/570chitosanpolyvinyl-alcoholnatural zeolitethymolactive packagingantibacterial activity |
| spellingShingle | Constantinos E. Salmas Eleni Kollia Learda Avdylaj Anna Kopsacheili Konstantinos Zaharioudakis Stavros Georgopoulos Areti Leontiou Katerina Katerinopoulou George Kehayias Anastasios Karakassides Charalampos Proestos Aris E. Giannakas Thymol@Natural Zeolite Nanohybrids for Chitosan/Polyvinyl-Alcohol-Based Hydrogels Applied as Active Pads Gels chitosan polyvinyl-alcohol natural zeolite thymol active packaging antibacterial activity |
| title | Thymol@Natural Zeolite Nanohybrids for Chitosan/Polyvinyl-Alcohol-Based Hydrogels Applied as Active Pads |
| title_full | Thymol@Natural Zeolite Nanohybrids for Chitosan/Polyvinyl-Alcohol-Based Hydrogels Applied as Active Pads |
| title_fullStr | Thymol@Natural Zeolite Nanohybrids for Chitosan/Polyvinyl-Alcohol-Based Hydrogels Applied as Active Pads |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thymol@Natural Zeolite Nanohybrids for Chitosan/Polyvinyl-Alcohol-Based Hydrogels Applied as Active Pads |
| title_short | Thymol@Natural Zeolite Nanohybrids for Chitosan/Polyvinyl-Alcohol-Based Hydrogels Applied as Active Pads |
| title_sort | thymol natural zeolite nanohybrids for chitosan polyvinyl alcohol based hydrogels applied as active pads |
| topic | chitosan polyvinyl-alcohol natural zeolite thymol active packaging antibacterial activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/7/570 |
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