Strategy for Managing Industrial Anaerobic Sludge through the Heterotrophic Cultivation of <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i>: Effect of Iron Addition on Biomass and Lipid Production
Microalgae provides an alternative for the valorization of industrial by-products, in which the nutritional content varies substantially and directly affects microalgae system performance. Herein, the heterotrophic cultivation of <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i> was systematically studied, a...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Bioengineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/8/6/82 |
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| author | Esteban Charria-Girón Vanessa Amazo Daniela De Angulo Eliana Hidalgo María Francisca Villegas-Torres Frank Baganz Nelson. H. Caicedo Ortega |
| author_facet | Esteban Charria-Girón Vanessa Amazo Daniela De Angulo Eliana Hidalgo María Francisca Villegas-Torres Frank Baganz Nelson. H. Caicedo Ortega |
| author_sort | Esteban Charria-Girón |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Microalgae provides an alternative for the valorization of industrial by-products, in which the nutritional content varies substantially and directly affects microalgae system performance. Herein, the heterotrophic cultivation of <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i> was systematically studied, allowing us to detect a nutritional deficiency other than the carbon source through assessing the oxygen transfer rate for glucose or acetate fermentation. Consequently, a mathematical model of the iron co-limiting effect on heterotrophic microalgae was developed by exploring its ability to regulate the specific growth rate and yield. For instance, higher values of the specific growth rate (0.17 h<sup>−1</sup>) compared with those reported for the heterotrophic culture of <i>Chlorella</i> were obtained due to iron supplementation. Therefore, anaerobic sludge from an industrial wastewater treatment plant (a baker’s yeast company) was pretreated to obtain an extract as a media supplement for <i>C. sorokiniana</i>. According to the proposed model, the sludge extract allowed us to supplement iron values close to the growth activation concentration (K<sub>Fe</sub> ~12 mg L<sup>−1</sup>). Therefore, a fed-batch strategy was evaluated on nitrogen-deprived cultures supplemented with the sludge extract to promote biomass formation and fatty acid synthesis. Our findings reveal that nitrogen and iron in sludge extract can supplement heterotrophic cultures of <i>Chlorella</i> and provide an alternative for the valorization of industrial anaerobic sludge. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:33:05Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:33:05Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
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| series | Bioengineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-42f2752c3a3c490e8432a266eee8b8dc2023-11-21T23:29:43ZengMDPI AGBioengineering2306-53542021-06-01868210.3390/bioengineering8060082Strategy for Managing Industrial Anaerobic Sludge through the Heterotrophic Cultivation of <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i>: Effect of Iron Addition on Biomass and Lipid ProductionEsteban Charria-Girón0Vanessa Amazo1Daniela De Angulo2Eliana Hidalgo3María Francisca Villegas-Torres4Frank Baganz5Nelson. H. Caicedo Ortega6Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Icesi, Calle 18 No. 122–135, Cali 760031, ColombiaDepartamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Icesi, Calle 18 No. 122–135, Cali 760031, ColombiaDepartamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Icesi, Calle 18 No. 122–135, Cali 760031, ColombiaDepartamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Icesi, Calle 18 No. 122–135, Cali 760031, ColombiaDepartamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Icesi, Calle 18 No. 122–135, Cali 760031, ColombiaDepartment of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, UKDepartamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Icesi, Calle 18 No. 122–135, Cali 760031, ColombiaMicroalgae provides an alternative for the valorization of industrial by-products, in which the nutritional content varies substantially and directly affects microalgae system performance. Herein, the heterotrophic cultivation of <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i> was systematically studied, allowing us to detect a nutritional deficiency other than the carbon source through assessing the oxygen transfer rate for glucose or acetate fermentation. Consequently, a mathematical model of the iron co-limiting effect on heterotrophic microalgae was developed by exploring its ability to regulate the specific growth rate and yield. For instance, higher values of the specific growth rate (0.17 h<sup>−1</sup>) compared with those reported for the heterotrophic culture of <i>Chlorella</i> were obtained due to iron supplementation. Therefore, anaerobic sludge from an industrial wastewater treatment plant (a baker’s yeast company) was pretreated to obtain an extract as a media supplement for <i>C. sorokiniana</i>. According to the proposed model, the sludge extract allowed us to supplement iron values close to the growth activation concentration (K<sub>Fe</sub> ~12 mg L<sup>−1</sup>). Therefore, a fed-batch strategy was evaluated on nitrogen-deprived cultures supplemented with the sludge extract to promote biomass formation and fatty acid synthesis. Our findings reveal that nitrogen and iron in sludge extract can supplement heterotrophic cultures of <i>Chlorella</i> and provide an alternative for the valorization of industrial anaerobic sludge.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/8/6/82anaerobic sludgechlorella sorokinianaheterotrophic cultivationIronmodeling |
| spellingShingle | Esteban Charria-Girón Vanessa Amazo Daniela De Angulo Eliana Hidalgo María Francisca Villegas-Torres Frank Baganz Nelson. H. Caicedo Ortega Strategy for Managing Industrial Anaerobic Sludge through the Heterotrophic Cultivation of <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i>: Effect of Iron Addition on Biomass and Lipid Production Bioengineering anaerobic sludge chlorella sorokiniana heterotrophic cultivation Iron modeling |
| title | Strategy for Managing Industrial Anaerobic Sludge through the Heterotrophic Cultivation of <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i>: Effect of Iron Addition on Biomass and Lipid Production |
| title_full | Strategy for Managing Industrial Anaerobic Sludge through the Heterotrophic Cultivation of <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i>: Effect of Iron Addition on Biomass and Lipid Production |
| title_fullStr | Strategy for Managing Industrial Anaerobic Sludge through the Heterotrophic Cultivation of <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i>: Effect of Iron Addition on Biomass and Lipid Production |
| title_full_unstemmed | Strategy for Managing Industrial Anaerobic Sludge through the Heterotrophic Cultivation of <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i>: Effect of Iron Addition on Biomass and Lipid Production |
| title_short | Strategy for Managing Industrial Anaerobic Sludge through the Heterotrophic Cultivation of <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i>: Effect of Iron Addition on Biomass and Lipid Production |
| title_sort | strategy for managing industrial anaerobic sludge through the heterotrophic cultivation of i chlorella sorokiniana i effect of iron addition on biomass and lipid production |
| topic | anaerobic sludge chlorella sorokiniana heterotrophic cultivation Iron modeling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/8/6/82 |
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