Nomad Jellyfish <i>Rhopilema nomadica</i> Venom Induces Apoptotic Cell Death and Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells
Jellyfish venom is a rich source of bioactive proteins and peptides with various biological activities including antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumor effects. However, the anti-proliferative activity of the crude extract of <i>Rhopilema nomadica</i> jellyfish venom has not been exami...
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| author | Mohamed M. Tawfik Nourhan Eissa Fayez Althobaiti Eman Fayad Ali H. Abu Almaaty |
| author_facet | Mohamed M. Tawfik Nourhan Eissa Fayez Althobaiti Eman Fayad Ali H. Abu Almaaty |
| author_sort | Mohamed M. Tawfik |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Jellyfish venom is a rich source of bioactive proteins and peptides with various biological activities including antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumor effects. However, the anti-proliferative activity of the crude extract of <i>Rhopilema nomadica</i> jellyfish venom has not been examined yet. The present study aimed at the investigation of the in vitro effect of <i>R. nomadica</i> venom on liver cancer cells (HepG2), breast cancer cells (MDA-MB231), human normal fibroblast (HFB4), and human normal lung cells (WI-38) proliferation by using MTT assay. The apoptotic cell death in HepG2 cells was investigated using Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining-based flow cytometry analysis, western blot analysis, and DNA fragmentation assays. <i>R. nomadica</i> venom displayed significant dose-dependent cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells after 48 h of treatment with IC<sub>50</sub> value of 50 μg/mL and higher toxicity (3:5-fold change) against MDA-MB231, HFB4, and WI-38 cells. <i>R. nomadica</i> venom showed a prominent increase of apoptosis as revealed by cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, upregulation of p53, BAX, and caspase-3 proteins, and the down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein and DNA fragmentation. These findings suggest that <i>R. nomadica</i> venom induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first scientific evidence demonstrating the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of <i>R. nomadica</i> jellyfish venom. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:06:43Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:06:43Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-42f3383b82774483809639c4af3159e72023-11-22T11:00:23ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-08-012617518510.3390/molecules26175185Nomad Jellyfish <i>Rhopilema nomadica</i> Venom Induces Apoptotic Cell Death and Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 CellsMohamed M. Tawfik0Nourhan Eissa1Fayez Althobaiti2Eman Fayad3Ali H. Abu Almaaty4Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, EgyptDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, EgyptDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, EgyptJellyfish venom is a rich source of bioactive proteins and peptides with various biological activities including antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumor effects. However, the anti-proliferative activity of the crude extract of <i>Rhopilema nomadica</i> jellyfish venom has not been examined yet. The present study aimed at the investigation of the in vitro effect of <i>R. nomadica</i> venom on liver cancer cells (HepG2), breast cancer cells (MDA-MB231), human normal fibroblast (HFB4), and human normal lung cells (WI-38) proliferation by using MTT assay. The apoptotic cell death in HepG2 cells was investigated using Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining-based flow cytometry analysis, western blot analysis, and DNA fragmentation assays. <i>R. nomadica</i> venom displayed significant dose-dependent cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells after 48 h of treatment with IC<sub>50</sub> value of 50 μg/mL and higher toxicity (3:5-fold change) against MDA-MB231, HFB4, and WI-38 cells. <i>R. nomadica</i> venom showed a prominent increase of apoptosis as revealed by cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, upregulation of p53, BAX, and caspase-3 proteins, and the down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein and DNA fragmentation. These findings suggest that <i>R. nomadica</i> venom induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first scientific evidence demonstrating the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of <i>R. nomadica</i> jellyfish venom.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/17/5185<i>Rhopilema nomadica</i>apoptosiscell cycle arrestHepG2 |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed M. Tawfik Nourhan Eissa Fayez Althobaiti Eman Fayad Ali H. Abu Almaaty Nomad Jellyfish <i>Rhopilema nomadica</i> Venom Induces Apoptotic Cell Death and Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells Molecules <i>Rhopilema nomadica</i> apoptosis cell cycle arrest HepG2 |
| title | Nomad Jellyfish <i>Rhopilema nomadica</i> Venom Induces Apoptotic Cell Death and Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells |
| title_full | Nomad Jellyfish <i>Rhopilema nomadica</i> Venom Induces Apoptotic Cell Death and Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells |
| title_fullStr | Nomad Jellyfish <i>Rhopilema nomadica</i> Venom Induces Apoptotic Cell Death and Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nomad Jellyfish <i>Rhopilema nomadica</i> Venom Induces Apoptotic Cell Death and Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells |
| title_short | Nomad Jellyfish <i>Rhopilema nomadica</i> Venom Induces Apoptotic Cell Death and Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells |
| title_sort | nomad jellyfish i rhopilema nomadica i venom induces apoptotic cell death and cell cycle arrest in human hepatocellular carcinoma hepg2 cells |
| topic | <i>Rhopilema nomadica</i> apoptosis cell cycle arrest HepG2 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/17/5185 |
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