TORCH Congenital Syndrome Infections in Central America’s Northern Triangle
TORCH pathogens are a group of globally prevalent infectious agents that may cross the placental barrier, causing severe negative sequalae in neonates, including fetal death and lifelong morbidity. TORCH infections are classically defined by <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>, other infectious cau...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/2/257 |
| _version_ | 1797619147315609600 |
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| author | Mary K. Lynn M. Stanley Rodriguez Aquino Stella C. W. Self Mufaro Kanyangarara Berry A. Campbell Melissa S. Nolan |
| author_facet | Mary K. Lynn M. Stanley Rodriguez Aquino Stella C. W. Self Mufaro Kanyangarara Berry A. Campbell Melissa S. Nolan |
| author_sort | Mary K. Lynn |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | TORCH pathogens are a group of globally prevalent infectious agents that may cross the placental barrier, causing severe negative sequalae in neonates, including fetal death and lifelong morbidity. TORCH infections are classically defined by <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>, other infectious causes of concern (e.g., syphilis, Zika virus, malaria, human immunodeficiency virus), rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex viruses. Neonatal disorders and congenital birth defects are the leading causes of neonatal mortality in Central America’s Northern Triangle, yet little is known about TORCH congenital syndrome in this region. This review synthesizes the little that is known regarding the most salient TORCH infections among pregnant women and neonates in Central America’s Northern Triangle and highlights gaps in the literature that warrant further research. Due to the limited publicly available information, this review includes both peer-reviewed published literature and university professional degree theses. Further large-scale studies should be conducted to clarify the public health impact these infections in this world region. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:24:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-42f49fdec9b344ce88fc0f80548ca30b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:24:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-42f49fdec9b344ce88fc0f80548ca30b2023-11-16T22:13:25ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-01-0111225710.3390/microorganisms11020257TORCH Congenital Syndrome Infections in Central America’s Northern TriangleMary K. Lynn0M. Stanley Rodriguez Aquino1Stella C. W. Self2Mufaro Kanyangarara3Berry A. Campbell4Melissa S. Nolan5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USACentro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Salud, Universidad de El Salvador, San Salvador, El SalvadorDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USADepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USASchool of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USADepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USATORCH pathogens are a group of globally prevalent infectious agents that may cross the placental barrier, causing severe negative sequalae in neonates, including fetal death and lifelong morbidity. TORCH infections are classically defined by <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>, other infectious causes of concern (e.g., syphilis, Zika virus, malaria, human immunodeficiency virus), rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex viruses. Neonatal disorders and congenital birth defects are the leading causes of neonatal mortality in Central America’s Northern Triangle, yet little is known about TORCH congenital syndrome in this region. This review synthesizes the little that is known regarding the most salient TORCH infections among pregnant women and neonates in Central America’s Northern Triangle and highlights gaps in the literature that warrant further research. Due to the limited publicly available information, this review includes both peer-reviewed published literature and university professional degree theses. Further large-scale studies should be conducted to clarify the public health impact these infections in this world region.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/2/257TORCH congenital syndromeTORCH Central Americacongenital infections Central Americacongenital syndromes Central America’s Northern Triangle |
| spellingShingle | Mary K. Lynn M. Stanley Rodriguez Aquino Stella C. W. Self Mufaro Kanyangarara Berry A. Campbell Melissa S. Nolan TORCH Congenital Syndrome Infections in Central America’s Northern Triangle Microorganisms TORCH congenital syndrome TORCH Central America congenital infections Central America congenital syndromes Central America’s Northern Triangle |
| title | TORCH Congenital Syndrome Infections in Central America’s Northern Triangle |
| title_full | TORCH Congenital Syndrome Infections in Central America’s Northern Triangle |
| title_fullStr | TORCH Congenital Syndrome Infections in Central America’s Northern Triangle |
| title_full_unstemmed | TORCH Congenital Syndrome Infections in Central America’s Northern Triangle |
| title_short | TORCH Congenital Syndrome Infections in Central America’s Northern Triangle |
| title_sort | torch congenital syndrome infections in central america s northern triangle |
| topic | TORCH congenital syndrome TORCH Central America congenital infections Central America congenital syndromes Central America’s Northern Triangle |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/2/257 |
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