Exploring the Potential of Vine Shoots as a Source of Valuable Extracts and Stable Lignin Nanoparticles for Multiple Applications
Large amounts of vine shoots are generated every year during vine pruning. This residue still presents many of the compounds found in the original plant, including low molecular weight phenolic compounds and structural compounds such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. For wine-producing region...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5165 |
| _version_ | 1797611370272784384 |
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| author | Ana Rita Pereira Carina Costa Nuno Mateus Victor de Freitas Alírio Rodrigues Joana Oliveira |
| author_facet | Ana Rita Pereira Carina Costa Nuno Mateus Victor de Freitas Alírio Rodrigues Joana Oliveira |
| author_sort | Ana Rita Pereira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Large amounts of vine shoots are generated every year during vine pruning. This residue still presents many of the compounds found in the original plant, including low molecular weight phenolic compounds and structural compounds such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. For wine-producing regions, the challenge is to develop alternatives that will increase the value of this residue. This work proposes the full valorization of vine shoots, focusing on the extraction of lignin by mild acidolysis for the preparation of nanoparticles. The effect of the pretreatment solvents (ethanol/toluene, E/T, and water/ethanol, W/E), on the chemical and structural features of lignin, was evaluated. The chemical analysis suggests similar composition and structure regardless of the pretreatment solvent, although lignin isolated after pretreatment of biomass with E/T showed a higher content of proanthocyanidins (11%) compared with W/E (5%). Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) presented an average size ranging from 130–200 nm and showed good stability for 30 days. Lignin and LNPs showed excellent antioxidant properties (half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC<sub>50</sub> 0.016–0.031 mg/mL) when compared to commercial antioxidants. In addition, extracts resulting from biomass pretreatment showed antioxidant activity, with W/E presenting a lower IC<sub>50</sub> (0.170 mg/mL) than E/T (0.270 mg/mL), correlated with the higher polyphenol content of W/E, with (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin being the main compounds detected. Overall, this work shows that the pre-treatment of vine shoots with green solvents can yield (i) the production of high-purity lignin samples with antioxidant properties and (ii) phenolic-rich extracts, promoting the integral reuse of this byproduct and contributing to sustainability. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:26:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-42fae6a88ae04a5aab0fd1baffb1d042 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:26:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-42fae6a88ae04a5aab0fd1baffb1d0422023-11-17T11:29:58ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-03-01246516510.3390/ijms24065165Exploring the Potential of Vine Shoots as a Source of Valuable Extracts and Stable Lignin Nanoparticles for Multiple ApplicationsAna Rita Pereira0Carina Costa1Nuno Mateus2Victor de Freitas3Alírio Rodrigues4Joana Oliveira5Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde–REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, PortugalLSRE-LCM-Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalLaboratório Associado para a Química Verde–REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, PortugalLaboratório Associado para a Química Verde–REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, PortugalLSRE-LCM-Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, PortugalLaboratório Associado para a Química Verde–REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, PortugalLarge amounts of vine shoots are generated every year during vine pruning. This residue still presents many of the compounds found in the original plant, including low molecular weight phenolic compounds and structural compounds such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. For wine-producing regions, the challenge is to develop alternatives that will increase the value of this residue. This work proposes the full valorization of vine shoots, focusing on the extraction of lignin by mild acidolysis for the preparation of nanoparticles. The effect of the pretreatment solvents (ethanol/toluene, E/T, and water/ethanol, W/E), on the chemical and structural features of lignin, was evaluated. The chemical analysis suggests similar composition and structure regardless of the pretreatment solvent, although lignin isolated after pretreatment of biomass with E/T showed a higher content of proanthocyanidins (11%) compared with W/E (5%). Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) presented an average size ranging from 130–200 nm and showed good stability for 30 days. Lignin and LNPs showed excellent antioxidant properties (half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC<sub>50</sub> 0.016–0.031 mg/mL) when compared to commercial antioxidants. In addition, extracts resulting from biomass pretreatment showed antioxidant activity, with W/E presenting a lower IC<sub>50</sub> (0.170 mg/mL) than E/T (0.270 mg/mL), correlated with the higher polyphenol content of W/E, with (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin being the main compounds detected. Overall, this work shows that the pre-treatment of vine shoots with green solvents can yield (i) the production of high-purity lignin samples with antioxidant properties and (ii) phenolic-rich extracts, promoting the integral reuse of this byproduct and contributing to sustainability.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5165lignindialysisphenolic compoundsantioxidantnanoparticles |
| spellingShingle | Ana Rita Pereira Carina Costa Nuno Mateus Victor de Freitas Alírio Rodrigues Joana Oliveira Exploring the Potential of Vine Shoots as a Source of Valuable Extracts and Stable Lignin Nanoparticles for Multiple Applications International Journal of Molecular Sciences lignin dialysis phenolic compounds antioxidant nanoparticles |
| title | Exploring the Potential of Vine Shoots as a Source of Valuable Extracts and Stable Lignin Nanoparticles for Multiple Applications |
| title_full | Exploring the Potential of Vine Shoots as a Source of Valuable Extracts and Stable Lignin Nanoparticles for Multiple Applications |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the Potential of Vine Shoots as a Source of Valuable Extracts and Stable Lignin Nanoparticles for Multiple Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the Potential of Vine Shoots as a Source of Valuable Extracts and Stable Lignin Nanoparticles for Multiple Applications |
| title_short | Exploring the Potential of Vine Shoots as a Source of Valuable Extracts and Stable Lignin Nanoparticles for Multiple Applications |
| title_sort | exploring the potential of vine shoots as a source of valuable extracts and stable lignin nanoparticles for multiple applications |
| topic | lignin dialysis phenolic compounds antioxidant nanoparticles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5165 |
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