Long Chain Alcohols Produced by Trichoderma citrinoviride Have Phagodeterrent Activity Against the Bird Cherry-Oat Aphid Rhopalosiphum padi
In this study we report the effects of fungal metabolites isolated from cultures of the fungus Trichoderma citrinoviride ITEM 4484 on the feeding preference of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi, a major pest of cereal crops. Different phagodeterrent metabolites were purified by a combination of direct an...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2016-03-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00297/full |
| _version_ | 1819230764938559488 |
|---|---|
| author | Sonia eGanassi Pasqualina eGrazioso Antonio eDe Cristofaro Fabio eFiorentini Maria Agnese eSabatini Antonio eEvidente Claudio eAltomare |
| author_facet | Sonia eGanassi Pasqualina eGrazioso Antonio eDe Cristofaro Fabio eFiorentini Maria Agnese eSabatini Antonio eEvidente Claudio eAltomare |
| author_sort | Sonia eGanassi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study we report the effects of fungal metabolites isolated from cultures of the fungus Trichoderma citrinoviride ITEM 4484 on the feeding preference of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi, a major pest of cereal crops. Different phagodeterrent metabolites were purified by a combination of direct and reverse phase column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. Chemical investigations, by spectroscopic and chemical methods, led to the identification of different long chain primary alcohols (LCOHs) of the general formula R-OH, wherein R is a long, unbranched, unsubstituted, linear aliphatic group. LCOHs have been reported as components of lepidopteran pheromone blends, but their phagodeterrent effect to aphids is herein reported for the first time. We studied the effects of LCOHs on R. padi by behavioral and electrophysiological bioassays. Feeding preference tests that were carried out with winged and wingless morphs of R. padi showed that LCOHs have a distinctly high phagodeterrent activity and significantly restrain aphids from settling on treated leaves already at a concentration as low as 0.15 mM (0.036 g/l). The results of different electrophysiological analyses indicate that taste receptor neurons located on the aphid tarsomeres are involved in the LCOHs perception. Behavioral assays carried out with some commercial agrochemicals, including azadirachtin A, pyrethrum and mineral oil based products, in combination with 1-hexadecanol, the LCOH most abundantly produced by T. citrinoviride ITEM 4484, showed that these different active principles can be applied together, resulting in a useful increase of the phagodeterrent effect. Therefore these compounds can be profitably utilized for novel applications in biotechnical control of aphid pests. The LCOHs tested have no chiral centers and therefore can be obtained in good yields and at low cost through chemical synthesis, beside than from natural sources. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T11:34:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-43056e16981e49f28733d9fe42e4da2d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T11:34:16Z |
| publishDate | 2016-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-43056e16981e49f28733d9fe42e4da2d2022-12-21T17:48:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2016-03-01710.3389/fmicb.2016.00297182525Long Chain Alcohols Produced by Trichoderma citrinoviride Have Phagodeterrent Activity Against the Bird Cherry-Oat Aphid Rhopalosiphum padiSonia eGanassi0Pasqualina eGrazioso1Antonio eDe Cristofaro2Fabio eFiorentini3Maria Agnese eSabatini4Antonio eEvidente5Claudio eAltomare6University of Modena and Reggio EmiliaUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaUniversity of MoliseCBC (Europe) S.R.L.-Biogard divisionUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaUniversity of Naples Federico IINational Research CouncilIn this study we report the effects of fungal metabolites isolated from cultures of the fungus Trichoderma citrinoviride ITEM 4484 on the feeding preference of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi, a major pest of cereal crops. Different phagodeterrent metabolites were purified by a combination of direct and reverse phase column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. Chemical investigations, by spectroscopic and chemical methods, led to the identification of different long chain primary alcohols (LCOHs) of the general formula R-OH, wherein R is a long, unbranched, unsubstituted, linear aliphatic group. LCOHs have been reported as components of lepidopteran pheromone blends, but their phagodeterrent effect to aphids is herein reported for the first time. We studied the effects of LCOHs on R. padi by behavioral and electrophysiological bioassays. Feeding preference tests that were carried out with winged and wingless morphs of R. padi showed that LCOHs have a distinctly high phagodeterrent activity and significantly restrain aphids from settling on treated leaves already at a concentration as low as 0.15 mM (0.036 g/l). The results of different electrophysiological analyses indicate that taste receptor neurons located on the aphid tarsomeres are involved in the LCOHs perception. Behavioral assays carried out with some commercial agrochemicals, including azadirachtin A, pyrethrum and mineral oil based products, in combination with 1-hexadecanol, the LCOH most abundantly produced by T. citrinoviride ITEM 4484, showed that these different active principles can be applied together, resulting in a useful increase of the phagodeterrent effect. Therefore these compounds can be profitably utilized for novel applications in biotechnical control of aphid pests. The LCOHs tested have no chiral centers and therefore can be obtained in good yields and at low cost through chemical synthesis, beside than from natural sources.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00297/fullAphidsTrichodermabiocontrolLong-chain alcoholsPhagodeterrence |
| spellingShingle | Sonia eGanassi Pasqualina eGrazioso Antonio eDe Cristofaro Fabio eFiorentini Maria Agnese eSabatini Antonio eEvidente Claudio eAltomare Long Chain Alcohols Produced by Trichoderma citrinoviride Have Phagodeterrent Activity Against the Bird Cherry-Oat Aphid Rhopalosiphum padi Frontiers in Microbiology Aphids Trichoderma biocontrol Long-chain alcohols Phagodeterrence |
| title | Long Chain Alcohols Produced by Trichoderma citrinoviride Have Phagodeterrent Activity Against the Bird Cherry-Oat Aphid Rhopalosiphum padi |
| title_full | Long Chain Alcohols Produced by Trichoderma citrinoviride Have Phagodeterrent Activity Against the Bird Cherry-Oat Aphid Rhopalosiphum padi |
| title_fullStr | Long Chain Alcohols Produced by Trichoderma citrinoviride Have Phagodeterrent Activity Against the Bird Cherry-Oat Aphid Rhopalosiphum padi |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long Chain Alcohols Produced by Trichoderma citrinoviride Have Phagodeterrent Activity Against the Bird Cherry-Oat Aphid Rhopalosiphum padi |
| title_short | Long Chain Alcohols Produced by Trichoderma citrinoviride Have Phagodeterrent Activity Against the Bird Cherry-Oat Aphid Rhopalosiphum padi |
| title_sort | long chain alcohols produced by trichoderma citrinoviride have phagodeterrent activity against the bird cherry oat aphid rhopalosiphum padi |
| topic | Aphids Trichoderma biocontrol Long-chain alcohols Phagodeterrence |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00297/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT soniaeganassi longchainalcoholsproducedbytrichodermacitrinoviridehavephagodeterrentactivityagainstthebirdcherryoataphidrhopalosiphumpadi AT pasqualinaegrazioso longchainalcoholsproducedbytrichodermacitrinoviridehavephagodeterrentactivityagainstthebirdcherryoataphidrhopalosiphumpadi AT antonioedecristofaro longchainalcoholsproducedbytrichodermacitrinoviridehavephagodeterrentactivityagainstthebirdcherryoataphidrhopalosiphumpadi AT fabioefiorentini longchainalcoholsproducedbytrichodermacitrinoviridehavephagodeterrentactivityagainstthebirdcherryoataphidrhopalosiphumpadi AT mariaagneseesabatini longchainalcoholsproducedbytrichodermacitrinoviridehavephagodeterrentactivityagainstthebirdcherryoataphidrhopalosiphumpadi AT antonioeevidente longchainalcoholsproducedbytrichodermacitrinoviridehavephagodeterrentactivityagainstthebirdcherryoataphidrhopalosiphumpadi AT claudioealtomare longchainalcoholsproducedbytrichodermacitrinoviridehavephagodeterrentactivityagainstthebirdcherryoataphidrhopalosiphumpadi |