Synthesis and Characterization of Partially Renewable Oleic Acid-Based Ionomers for Proton Exchange Membranes
The future availability of synthetic polymers is compromised due to the continuous depletion of fossil reserves; thus, the quest for sustainable and eco-friendly specialty polymers is of the utmost importance to ensure our lifestyle. In this regard, this study reports on the use of oleic acid as a r...
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/1/130 |
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| author | Carlos Corona-García Alejandro Onchi Arlette A. Santiago Araceli Martínez Daniella Esperanza Pacheco-Catalán Ismeli Alfonso Joel Vargas |
| author_facet | Carlos Corona-García Alejandro Onchi Arlette A. Santiago Araceli Martínez Daniella Esperanza Pacheco-Catalán Ismeli Alfonso Joel Vargas |
| author_sort | Carlos Corona-García |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The future availability of synthetic polymers is compromised due to the continuous depletion of fossil reserves; thus, the quest for sustainable and eco-friendly specialty polymers is of the utmost importance to ensure our lifestyle. In this regard, this study reports on the use of oleic acid as a renewable source to develop new ionomers intended for proton exchange membranes. Firstly, the cross-metathesis of oleic acid was conducted to yield a renewable and unsaturated long-chain aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, which was further subjected to polycondensation reactions with two aromatic diamines, 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis(<i>p</i>-phenyleneoxy)dianiline and 4,4′-diamino-2,2′-stilbenedisulfonic acid, as comonomers for the synthesis of a series of partially renewable aromatic-aliphatic polyamides with an increasing degree of sulfonation (DS). The polymer chemical structures were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C, and <sup>19</sup>F NMR) spectroscopy, which revealed that the DS was effectively tailored by adjusting the feed molar ratio of the diamines. Next, we performed a study involving the ion exchange capacity, the water uptake, and the proton conductivity in membranes prepared from these partially renewable long-chain polyamides, along with a thorough characterization of the thermomechanical and physical properties. The highest value of the proton conductivity determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was found to be 1.55 mS cm<sup>−1</sup> at 30 °C after activation of the polymer membrane. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:38:36Z |
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| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:38:36Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-430eaf8efdd84a3fbac9230862115a112023-11-21T03:11:41ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602020-12-0113113010.3390/polym13010130Synthesis and Characterization of Partially Renewable Oleic Acid-Based Ionomers for Proton Exchange MembranesCarlos Corona-García0Alejandro Onchi1Arlette A. Santiago2Araceli Martínez3Daniella Esperanza Pacheco-Catalán4Ismeli Alfonso5Joel Vargas6Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, C.P. 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, MexicoInstituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, C.P. 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, MexicoEscuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, C.P. 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, MexicoEscuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, C.P. 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, MexicoUnidad de Energía Renovable, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Yucatán, Carretera Sierra Papacal-Chuburná Puerto Km 5, Sierra Papacal, 97302 Mérida, Yucatán, MexicoInstituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, C.P. 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, MexicoInstituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, C.P. 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, MexicoThe future availability of synthetic polymers is compromised due to the continuous depletion of fossil reserves; thus, the quest for sustainable and eco-friendly specialty polymers is of the utmost importance to ensure our lifestyle. In this regard, this study reports on the use of oleic acid as a renewable source to develop new ionomers intended for proton exchange membranes. Firstly, the cross-metathesis of oleic acid was conducted to yield a renewable and unsaturated long-chain aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, which was further subjected to polycondensation reactions with two aromatic diamines, 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis(<i>p</i>-phenyleneoxy)dianiline and 4,4′-diamino-2,2′-stilbenedisulfonic acid, as comonomers for the synthesis of a series of partially renewable aromatic-aliphatic polyamides with an increasing degree of sulfonation (DS). The polymer chemical structures were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C, and <sup>19</sup>F NMR) spectroscopy, which revealed that the DS was effectively tailored by adjusting the feed molar ratio of the diamines. Next, we performed a study involving the ion exchange capacity, the water uptake, and the proton conductivity in membranes prepared from these partially renewable long-chain polyamides, along with a thorough characterization of the thermomechanical and physical properties. The highest value of the proton conductivity determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was found to be 1.55 mS cm<sup>−1</sup> at 30 °C after activation of the polymer membrane.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/1/130oleic acidmetathesisrenewable ionomersulfonated polymerlong-chain polyamideproton exchange membrane |
| spellingShingle | Carlos Corona-García Alejandro Onchi Arlette A. Santiago Araceli Martínez Daniella Esperanza Pacheco-Catalán Ismeli Alfonso Joel Vargas Synthesis and Characterization of Partially Renewable Oleic Acid-Based Ionomers for Proton Exchange Membranes Polymers oleic acid metathesis renewable ionomer sulfonated polymer long-chain polyamide proton exchange membrane |
| title | Synthesis and Characterization of Partially Renewable Oleic Acid-Based Ionomers for Proton Exchange Membranes |
| title_full | Synthesis and Characterization of Partially Renewable Oleic Acid-Based Ionomers for Proton Exchange Membranes |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis and Characterization of Partially Renewable Oleic Acid-Based Ionomers for Proton Exchange Membranes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis and Characterization of Partially Renewable Oleic Acid-Based Ionomers for Proton Exchange Membranes |
| title_short | Synthesis and Characterization of Partially Renewable Oleic Acid-Based Ionomers for Proton Exchange Membranes |
| title_sort | synthesis and characterization of partially renewable oleic acid based ionomers for proton exchange membranes |
| topic | oleic acid metathesis renewable ionomer sulfonated polymer long-chain polyamide proton exchange membrane |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/1/130 |
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