Most eastern boundary upwelling regions represent thermal refugia in the age of climate change
Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS) are regions where wind-driven coastal upwelling brings deep cold, nutrient-rich water to the surface and may be characterized by a coastal ‘footprint’ of sea surface temperature (SST) cooler than their surroundings. Previous studies have shown that EBUS coas...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1158472/full |
| _version_ | 1797693817816612864 |
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| author | Marisol García-Reyes Gammon Koval William J. Sydeman Daniel Palacios Luis Bedriñana-Romano Kelly DeForest Carlos Montenegro Silva Maritza Sepúlveda Ellen Hines |
| author_facet | Marisol García-Reyes Gammon Koval William J. Sydeman Daniel Palacios Luis Bedriñana-Romano Kelly DeForest Carlos Montenegro Silva Maritza Sepúlveda Ellen Hines |
| author_sort | Marisol García-Reyes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS) are regions where wind-driven coastal upwelling brings deep cold, nutrient-rich water to the surface and may be characterized by a coastal ‘footprint’ of sea surface temperature (SST) cooler than their surroundings. Previous studies have shown that EBUS coastal temperatures are responding differently to global ocean warming, warming slowly or not at all. However, the spatial dynamics of coastal upwelling footprints have yet to be investigated. In this paper, we use 20 years of high-resolution SST data derived from satellites (MUR SST) to test the null hypothesis that the extent of coastal upwelling footprints have remained stable over the period 2002–2022, consistent with the idea that these regions are thermal refugia. We investigate linear trends at different time scales, finding that the Humboldt and Iberian/Canary EBUS show no contraction of this footprint on annual or seasonal scales. The Benguela EBUS shows no change in its central and poleward subregions, but it exhibits contraction of the footprint in the equatorward subregion in the austral winter and spring. The California EBUS behaves differently: on the annual scale only the equatorward subregion shows contraction of the SST footprint, while on the seasonal scale, the entire EBUS show contraction during the fall or summer/fall. Summarizing the last two decades, most coastal habitats of EBUS (>80% of the areas tested) are remaining cool and may be acting as regional refugia from global warming, but this is true for some regions only during certain seasons. However, the declines in areal extent of upwelling in subregions of the California and Benguela EBUS indicate potential consequences for marine life and may help to explain changes in abundance, productivity, and redistributions of populations in these regions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T02:49:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-431c9398d5cd44c2bf25ca1c4979d283 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T02:49:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-431c9398d5cd44c2bf25ca1c4979d2832023-09-04T05:39:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452023-09-011010.3389/fmars.2023.11584721158472Most eastern boundary upwelling regions represent thermal refugia in the age of climate changeMarisol García-Reyes0Gammon Koval1William J. Sydeman2Daniel Palacios3Luis Bedriñana-Romano4Kelly DeForest5Carlos Montenegro Silva6Maritza Sepúlveda7Ellen Hines8Farallon Institute, Petaluma, CA, United StatesFarallon Institute, Petaluma, CA, United StatesFarallon Institute, Petaluma, CA, United StatesMarine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, United StatesCentro de Investigación Oceanográfica en el Pacífico Sur-Oriental (COPAS) Coastal, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, ChileEstuary and Ocean Science Center, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA, United StatesDepartamento Evaluación de Pesquerías, Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP), Valparaíso, ChileCentro de Investigación y Gestión de Recursos Naturales (CIGREN), Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, ChileEstuary and Ocean Science Center, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA, United StatesEastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS) are regions where wind-driven coastal upwelling brings deep cold, nutrient-rich water to the surface and may be characterized by a coastal ‘footprint’ of sea surface temperature (SST) cooler than their surroundings. Previous studies have shown that EBUS coastal temperatures are responding differently to global ocean warming, warming slowly or not at all. However, the spatial dynamics of coastal upwelling footprints have yet to be investigated. In this paper, we use 20 years of high-resolution SST data derived from satellites (MUR SST) to test the null hypothesis that the extent of coastal upwelling footprints have remained stable over the period 2002–2022, consistent with the idea that these regions are thermal refugia. We investigate linear trends at different time scales, finding that the Humboldt and Iberian/Canary EBUS show no contraction of this footprint on annual or seasonal scales. The Benguela EBUS shows no change in its central and poleward subregions, but it exhibits contraction of the footprint in the equatorward subregion in the austral winter and spring. The California EBUS behaves differently: on the annual scale only the equatorward subregion shows contraction of the SST footprint, while on the seasonal scale, the entire EBUS show contraction during the fall or summer/fall. Summarizing the last two decades, most coastal habitats of EBUS (>80% of the areas tested) are remaining cool and may be acting as regional refugia from global warming, but this is true for some regions only during certain seasons. However, the declines in areal extent of upwelling in subregions of the California and Benguela EBUS indicate potential consequences for marine life and may help to explain changes in abundance, productivity, and redistributions of populations in these regions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1158472/fullthermal refugiaspatial trendsMURSSTseasonal variationupwelling footprint |
| spellingShingle | Marisol García-Reyes Gammon Koval William J. Sydeman Daniel Palacios Luis Bedriñana-Romano Kelly DeForest Carlos Montenegro Silva Maritza Sepúlveda Ellen Hines Most eastern boundary upwelling regions represent thermal refugia in the age of climate change Frontiers in Marine Science thermal refugia spatial trends MURSST seasonal variation upwelling footprint |
| title | Most eastern boundary upwelling regions represent thermal refugia in the age of climate change |
| title_full | Most eastern boundary upwelling regions represent thermal refugia in the age of climate change |
| title_fullStr | Most eastern boundary upwelling regions represent thermal refugia in the age of climate change |
| title_full_unstemmed | Most eastern boundary upwelling regions represent thermal refugia in the age of climate change |
| title_short | Most eastern boundary upwelling regions represent thermal refugia in the age of climate change |
| title_sort | most eastern boundary upwelling regions represent thermal refugia in the age of climate change |
| topic | thermal refugia spatial trends MURSST seasonal variation upwelling footprint |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1158472/full |
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