Photocrosslinkable gelatin-treated dentin matrix hydrogel as a novel pulp capping agent for dentin regeneration: I. synthesis, characterizations and grafting optimization
Abstract Background In recent years, treated dentin matrix (TDM) has been introduced as a bioactive hydrogel for dentin regeneration in DPC. However, no study has introduced TDM as a photocrosslinkable hydrogel with a natural photoinitiating system. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-08-01
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| Series: | BMC Oral Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-03236-z |
| _version_ | 1797451262726242304 |
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| author | Eman M. Sedek Elbadawy A. Kamoun Nehal M. El-Deeb Sally Abdelkader Amal E. Fahmy Samir R. Nouh Nesma Mohamed Khalil |
| author_facet | Eman M. Sedek Elbadawy A. Kamoun Nehal M. El-Deeb Sally Abdelkader Amal E. Fahmy Samir R. Nouh Nesma Mohamed Khalil |
| author_sort | Eman M. Sedek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background In recent years, treated dentin matrix (TDM) has been introduced as a bioactive hydrogel for dentin regeneration in DPC. However, no study has introduced TDM as a photocrosslinkable hydrogel with a natural photoinitiating system. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the synthesis, characterizations and grafting optimization of injectable gelatin- glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)/TDM hydrogels as a novel photocrosslinkable pulp capping agent for dentin regeneration. Methods G-GMA/TDM hydrogel was photocrosslinked using a new two-component photoinitiating system composed of riboflavin as a photoinitiator under visible light and glycine as a first time coinitiator with riboflavin. The grafting reaction conditions of G-GMA/TDM e.g. GMA concentration and reaction time were optimized. The kinetic parameters e.g. grafting efficiency (GE) and grafting percentage (GP%) were calculated to optimize the grafting reaction, while yield (%) was determined to monitor the formation of the hydrogel. Moreover, G-GMA/TDM hydrogels were characterized by swelling ratio, degradation degree, and cytotoxicity. The instrumental characterizations e.g. FTIR, 1H-NMR, SEM and TGA, were investigated for verifying the grafting reaction. Statistical analysis was performed using F test (ANOVA) and Post Hoc Test (P = 0.05). Results The grafting reaction dramatically increased with an increase of both GMA concentration and reaction time. It was realized that the swelling degree and degradation rate of G-GMA/TDM hydrogels were significantly reduced by increasing the GMA concentration and prolonging the reaction time. When compared to the safe low and moderate GMA content hydrogels (0.048, 0.097 M) and shorter reaction times (6, 12, 24 h), G-GMA/TDM with high GMA contents (0.195, 0.391 M) and a prolonged reaction time (48 h) demonstrated cytotoxic effects against cells using the MTT assay. Also, the morphological surface of G-GMA/TDM freeze-dried gels was found more compacted, smooth and uniform due to the grafting process. Significant thermal stability was noticed due to the grafting reaction of G-GMA/TDM throughout the TGA results. Conclusions G-GMA/TDM composite hydrogel formed by the riboflavin/glycine photoinitiating system is a potential bioactive and biocompatible system for in-situ crosslinking the activated-light pulp capping agent for dentin regeneration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:52:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4331d4c8790a407c846af41798cc2772 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1472-6831 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:52:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Oral Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-4331d4c8790a407c846af41798cc27722023-11-26T14:24:00ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312023-08-0123111710.1186/s12903-023-03236-zPhotocrosslinkable gelatin-treated dentin matrix hydrogel as a novel pulp capping agent for dentin regeneration: I. synthesis, characterizations and grafting optimizationEman M. Sedek0Elbadawy A. Kamoun1Nehal M. El-Deeb2Sally Abdelkader3Amal E. Fahmy4Samir R. Nouh5Nesma Mohamed Khalil6Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria UniversityPolymeric Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City)Biopharmaceutical Products Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-CityDental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria UniversityDental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria UniversitySurgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria UniversityOral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria UniversityAbstract Background In recent years, treated dentin matrix (TDM) has been introduced as a bioactive hydrogel for dentin regeneration in DPC. However, no study has introduced TDM as a photocrosslinkable hydrogel with a natural photoinitiating system. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the synthesis, characterizations and grafting optimization of injectable gelatin- glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)/TDM hydrogels as a novel photocrosslinkable pulp capping agent for dentin regeneration. Methods G-GMA/TDM hydrogel was photocrosslinked using a new two-component photoinitiating system composed of riboflavin as a photoinitiator under visible light and glycine as a first time coinitiator with riboflavin. The grafting reaction conditions of G-GMA/TDM e.g. GMA concentration and reaction time were optimized. The kinetic parameters e.g. grafting efficiency (GE) and grafting percentage (GP%) were calculated to optimize the grafting reaction, while yield (%) was determined to monitor the formation of the hydrogel. Moreover, G-GMA/TDM hydrogels were characterized by swelling ratio, degradation degree, and cytotoxicity. The instrumental characterizations e.g. FTIR, 1H-NMR, SEM and TGA, were investigated for verifying the grafting reaction. Statistical analysis was performed using F test (ANOVA) and Post Hoc Test (P = 0.05). Results The grafting reaction dramatically increased with an increase of both GMA concentration and reaction time. It was realized that the swelling degree and degradation rate of G-GMA/TDM hydrogels were significantly reduced by increasing the GMA concentration and prolonging the reaction time. When compared to the safe low and moderate GMA content hydrogels (0.048, 0.097 M) and shorter reaction times (6, 12, 24 h), G-GMA/TDM with high GMA contents (0.195, 0.391 M) and a prolonged reaction time (48 h) demonstrated cytotoxic effects against cells using the MTT assay. Also, the morphological surface of G-GMA/TDM freeze-dried gels was found more compacted, smooth and uniform due to the grafting process. Significant thermal stability was noticed due to the grafting reaction of G-GMA/TDM throughout the TGA results. Conclusions G-GMA/TDM composite hydrogel formed by the riboflavin/glycine photoinitiating system is a potential bioactive and biocompatible system for in-situ crosslinking the activated-light pulp capping agent for dentin regeneration.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-03236-zGelatinRiboflavinGlycineDentin matrixInjectable scaffoldDentin regeneration |
| spellingShingle | Eman M. Sedek Elbadawy A. Kamoun Nehal M. El-Deeb Sally Abdelkader Amal E. Fahmy Samir R. Nouh Nesma Mohamed Khalil Photocrosslinkable gelatin-treated dentin matrix hydrogel as a novel pulp capping agent for dentin regeneration: I. synthesis, characterizations and grafting optimization BMC Oral Health Gelatin Riboflavin Glycine Dentin matrix Injectable scaffold Dentin regeneration |
| title | Photocrosslinkable gelatin-treated dentin matrix hydrogel as a novel pulp capping agent for dentin regeneration: I. synthesis, characterizations and grafting optimization |
| title_full | Photocrosslinkable gelatin-treated dentin matrix hydrogel as a novel pulp capping agent for dentin regeneration: I. synthesis, characterizations and grafting optimization |
| title_fullStr | Photocrosslinkable gelatin-treated dentin matrix hydrogel as a novel pulp capping agent for dentin regeneration: I. synthesis, characterizations and grafting optimization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Photocrosslinkable gelatin-treated dentin matrix hydrogel as a novel pulp capping agent for dentin regeneration: I. synthesis, characterizations and grafting optimization |
| title_short | Photocrosslinkable gelatin-treated dentin matrix hydrogel as a novel pulp capping agent for dentin regeneration: I. synthesis, characterizations and grafting optimization |
| title_sort | photocrosslinkable gelatin treated dentin matrix hydrogel as a novel pulp capping agent for dentin regeneration i synthesis characterizations and grafting optimization |
| topic | Gelatin Riboflavin Glycine Dentin matrix Injectable scaffold Dentin regeneration |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-03236-z |
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