Evaluating the effect of acute ammonia toxicity in a freshwater ecological environment on the growth and hematological functioning of Clarias gariepinus
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of ammonia toxicity on the growth and hematology of Clarias gariepinus. The mean weight gain of fish 1.52 ± 0.3 g was investigated under laboratory conditions at static bioassay for 96 h and 14 days, respectively. Five treatments of 96 h median letha...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IWA Publishing
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Aqua |
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| Online Access: | http://aqua.iwaponline.com/content/71/3/464 |
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| author | Udume Bethel Uchenna Ota Henry Obiahu Zhifeng Yan Onyewuchi Chidi Chikeziri |
| author_facet | Udume Bethel Uchenna Ota Henry Obiahu Zhifeng Yan Onyewuchi Chidi Chikeziri |
| author_sort | Udume Bethel Uchenna |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of ammonia toxicity on the growth and hematology of Clarias gariepinus. The mean weight gain of fish 1.52 ± 0.3 g was investigated under laboratory conditions at static bioassay for 96 h and 14 days, respectively. Five treatments of 96 h median lethal concentration LC50 were used, namely, T0 (0.00 g·l−1), T1 (0.40 g·l−1), T2 (0.60 g·l−1), T3 (0.80 g·l−1) and T4 (1.00 g·l−1), and each of these treatment concentrations was replicated three times for both toxicity exposures. The results clearly revealed that 96 h median lethal concentration (LC50) at treatments T4 (4.00), T3 (3.00), T2 (2.00) and T0 (0.00) g·l−1 gave an average mean value of 3.02 ± 0.02 g·l−1 with upper and lower limits of 6.28 and 1.42 g·l−1, respectively. The overall percentage mortality showed more than 71% of fish mortality at T4. Values for the 14-day sub-acute exposures to ammonia concentrations of T4 (1.00), T3 (0.80), T2 (0.60) and control (0.00) g·l−1 were also obtained. Growth indices indicated significant decreases (P<0.05) in the total feed intake (TFI), specific growth rate (SGR), mean weight gain and food conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the control. HIGHLIGHTS
Increase in the lethal concentration of NH3 was principally responsible for the hematological modification of fish.;
Growth indices indicated significant decreases (P < 0.05) in the total feed intake (TFI).;
A strong relationship between NH3 toxicity and increase in fish mortality existed.;
High levels of heavy metals can affect water quality and pose health risks.;
Heavy metal concentrations in water were high enough to be of concern.; |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:37:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4348f10f155b4b5d891c930c124f15b0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2709-8028 2709-8036 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:37:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | IWA Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aqua |
| spelling | doaj.art-4348f10f155b4b5d891c930c124f15b02022-12-22T02:56:03ZengIWA PublishingAqua2709-80282709-80362022-03-0171346447710.2166/aqua.2022.138138Evaluating the effect of acute ammonia toxicity in a freshwater ecological environment on the growth and hematological functioning of Clarias gariepinusUdume Bethel Uchenna0Ota Henry Obiahu1Zhifeng Yan2Onyewuchi Chidi Chikeziri3 Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, P. M. B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, P. M. B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of ammonia toxicity on the growth and hematology of Clarias gariepinus. The mean weight gain of fish 1.52 ± 0.3 g was investigated under laboratory conditions at static bioassay for 96 h and 14 days, respectively. Five treatments of 96 h median lethal concentration LC50 were used, namely, T0 (0.00 g·l−1), T1 (0.40 g·l−1), T2 (0.60 g·l−1), T3 (0.80 g·l−1) and T4 (1.00 g·l−1), and each of these treatment concentrations was replicated three times for both toxicity exposures. The results clearly revealed that 96 h median lethal concentration (LC50) at treatments T4 (4.00), T3 (3.00), T2 (2.00) and T0 (0.00) g·l−1 gave an average mean value of 3.02 ± 0.02 g·l−1 with upper and lower limits of 6.28 and 1.42 g·l−1, respectively. The overall percentage mortality showed more than 71% of fish mortality at T4. Values for the 14-day sub-acute exposures to ammonia concentrations of T4 (1.00), T3 (0.80), T2 (0.60) and control (0.00) g·l−1 were also obtained. Growth indices indicated significant decreases (P<0.05) in the total feed intake (TFI), specific growth rate (SGR), mean weight gain and food conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the control. HIGHLIGHTS Increase in the lethal concentration of NH3 was principally responsible for the hematological modification of fish.; Growth indices indicated significant decreases (P < 0.05) in the total feed intake (TFI).; A strong relationship between NH3 toxicity and increase in fish mortality existed.; High levels of heavy metals can affect water quality and pose health risks.; Heavy metal concentrations in water were high enough to be of concern.;http://aqua.iwaponline.com/content/71/3/464ammoniaclarias gariepinusfreshwater pollutionhaematological parametersheavy metalstoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Udume Bethel Uchenna Ota Henry Obiahu Zhifeng Yan Onyewuchi Chidi Chikeziri Evaluating the effect of acute ammonia toxicity in a freshwater ecological environment on the growth and hematological functioning of Clarias gariepinus Aqua ammonia clarias gariepinus freshwater pollution haematological parameters heavy metals toxicity |
| title | Evaluating the effect of acute ammonia toxicity in a freshwater ecological environment on the growth and hematological functioning of Clarias gariepinus |
| title_full | Evaluating the effect of acute ammonia toxicity in a freshwater ecological environment on the growth and hematological functioning of Clarias gariepinus |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating the effect of acute ammonia toxicity in a freshwater ecological environment on the growth and hematological functioning of Clarias gariepinus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating the effect of acute ammonia toxicity in a freshwater ecological environment on the growth and hematological functioning of Clarias gariepinus |
| title_short | Evaluating the effect of acute ammonia toxicity in a freshwater ecological environment on the growth and hematological functioning of Clarias gariepinus |
| title_sort | evaluating the effect of acute ammonia toxicity in a freshwater ecological environment on the growth and hematological functioning of clarias gariepinus |
| topic | ammonia clarias gariepinus freshwater pollution haematological parameters heavy metals toxicity |
| url | http://aqua.iwaponline.com/content/71/3/464 |
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