Analysis of the Photosynthetic Parameters, Grain Yield, and Quality of Different Winter Wheat Varieties over a Two-Year Period
Due to increasingly frequent unfavorable climate changes, achieving a high grain yield of wheat is a challenge for breeders. The relationships between wheat productivity and photosynthesis traits are not very well understood during the growing season. This study investigated the effect of chlorophyl...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/3/478 |
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| author | Jurica Duvnjak Zorana Katanic Hrvoje Sarcevic Valentina Spanic |
| author_facet | Jurica Duvnjak Zorana Katanic Hrvoje Sarcevic Valentina Spanic |
| author_sort | Jurica Duvnjak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Due to increasingly frequent unfavorable climate changes, achieving a high grain yield of wheat is a challenge for breeders. The relationships between wheat productivity and photosynthesis traits are not very well understood during the growing season. This study investigated the effect of chlorophyll <i>a</i> fluorescence parameters (maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry (TR<sub>O</sub>/ABS) and performance index on absorption basis (PI<sub>ABS</sub>)) on grain yield and the yield-related and technological quality traits of six wheat varieties over two growing seasons. In the first growing season (2021/2022), grain yield was significantly positively correlated with 1000 kernel weight and TR<sub>O</sub>/ABS at the second measurement point (growth stage 25 (GS 25)). Only the highest-yielding variety Bubnjar (104.0 dt ha<sup>−1</sup>) showed values of TR<sub>O</sub>/ABS at the same significance level between the second and third measurement points. Due to elevated virus and disease infections in the second growing season (2022/2023), the grain yield of the investigated varieties decreased between 37.9% (Bubnjar) and 67.6% (Anđelka) relative to the first growing season. The three highest-yielding varieties (Bubnjar, Rujana, and Silvija) in 2022/2023 were the tallest, were later in maturity, escaped yellow rust pressure at the stem elongation stage more efficiently, and also showed the lowest increase in TR<sub>O</sub>/ABS at this stage (fourth measurement point at GS 47, compared to the third at GS 32). In addition, the highest-yielding variety Bubnjar showed the highest increase in PI<sub>ABS</sub> at the last measurement (seventh) at GS 71 compared to the sixth (GS 69), thus maintaining the vitality of flag leaves at the grain-filling stage, while the other varieties showed a very small increase or even a significant decrease. Therefore, plant photosynthetic activity over the entire growing season contributes to crop productivity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:38:40Z |
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| id | doaj.art-4356644ae4b64397a8a3b77a433a84a7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:38:40Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-4356644ae4b64397a8a3b77a433a84a72024-03-27T13:16:39ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-02-0114347810.3390/agronomy14030478Analysis of the Photosynthetic Parameters, Grain Yield, and Quality of Different Winter Wheat Varieties over a Two-Year PeriodJurica Duvnjak0Zorana Katanic1Hrvoje Sarcevic2Valentina Spanic3Department for Breeding & Genetics of Small Cereal Crops, Agricultural Institute Osijek, Juzno predgradje 17, 31000 Osijek, CroatiaDepartment of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8a, 31000 Osijek, CroatiaFaculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetosimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDepartment for Breeding & Genetics of Small Cereal Crops, Agricultural Institute Osijek, Juzno predgradje 17, 31000 Osijek, CroatiaDue to increasingly frequent unfavorable climate changes, achieving a high grain yield of wheat is a challenge for breeders. The relationships between wheat productivity and photosynthesis traits are not very well understood during the growing season. This study investigated the effect of chlorophyll <i>a</i> fluorescence parameters (maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry (TR<sub>O</sub>/ABS) and performance index on absorption basis (PI<sub>ABS</sub>)) on grain yield and the yield-related and technological quality traits of six wheat varieties over two growing seasons. In the first growing season (2021/2022), grain yield was significantly positively correlated with 1000 kernel weight and TR<sub>O</sub>/ABS at the second measurement point (growth stage 25 (GS 25)). Only the highest-yielding variety Bubnjar (104.0 dt ha<sup>−1</sup>) showed values of TR<sub>O</sub>/ABS at the same significance level between the second and third measurement points. Due to elevated virus and disease infections in the second growing season (2022/2023), the grain yield of the investigated varieties decreased between 37.9% (Bubnjar) and 67.6% (Anđelka) relative to the first growing season. The three highest-yielding varieties (Bubnjar, Rujana, and Silvija) in 2022/2023 were the tallest, were later in maturity, escaped yellow rust pressure at the stem elongation stage more efficiently, and also showed the lowest increase in TR<sub>O</sub>/ABS at this stage (fourth measurement point at GS 47, compared to the third at GS 32). In addition, the highest-yielding variety Bubnjar showed the highest increase in PI<sub>ABS</sub> at the last measurement (seventh) at GS 71 compared to the sixth (GS 69), thus maintaining the vitality of flag leaves at the grain-filling stage, while the other varieties showed a very small increase or even a significant decrease. Therefore, plant photosynthetic activity over the entire growing season contributes to crop productivity.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/3/478grain yieldphotosynthesisquality traitswheat |
| spellingShingle | Jurica Duvnjak Zorana Katanic Hrvoje Sarcevic Valentina Spanic Analysis of the Photosynthetic Parameters, Grain Yield, and Quality of Different Winter Wheat Varieties over a Two-Year Period Agronomy grain yield photosynthesis quality traits wheat |
| title | Analysis of the Photosynthetic Parameters, Grain Yield, and Quality of Different Winter Wheat Varieties over a Two-Year Period |
| title_full | Analysis of the Photosynthetic Parameters, Grain Yield, and Quality of Different Winter Wheat Varieties over a Two-Year Period |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of the Photosynthetic Parameters, Grain Yield, and Quality of Different Winter Wheat Varieties over a Two-Year Period |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of the Photosynthetic Parameters, Grain Yield, and Quality of Different Winter Wheat Varieties over a Two-Year Period |
| title_short | Analysis of the Photosynthetic Parameters, Grain Yield, and Quality of Different Winter Wheat Varieties over a Two-Year Period |
| title_sort | analysis of the photosynthetic parameters grain yield and quality of different winter wheat varieties over a two year period |
| topic | grain yield photosynthesis quality traits wheat |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/3/478 |
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