Evaluating Different Extraction Approaches for GC-MS Based Metabolomics Analysis of the Giant Pandas’ Fur
Giant pandas in zoo captivity are situated in residential areas, where environmental pollutants and anthropogenic factors have an impact on their health. Hair metabolomics has been applied in numerous environmental toxicological studies. Therefore, the panda fur metabolome could be a reliable approa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/11/688 |
| _version_ | 1797463879342620672 |
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| author | Yang Yang Yanqiang Yin Xianglan Tang Yinyin Xia Jinya Zhang Chun Yan Weixuan Zhang Hua Zhang Ting-Li Han |
| author_facet | Yang Yang Yanqiang Yin Xianglan Tang Yinyin Xia Jinya Zhang Chun Yan Weixuan Zhang Hua Zhang Ting-Li Han |
| author_sort | Yang Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Giant pandas in zoo captivity are situated in residential areas, where environmental pollutants and anthropogenic factors have an impact on their health. Hair metabolomics has been applied in numerous environmental toxicological studies. Therefore, the panda fur metabolome could be a reliable approach to reflect endogenous and exogenous metabolic changes related to environmental exposure. However, there is no established extraction protocol to study the fur metabolome of pandas. The aim of this research was to optimize the extraction of panda fur metabolome for high-throughput metabolomics analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fur samples were collected from five pandas. Eight different extraction methods were investigated and evaluated for their reproducibility, metabolite coverage, and extraction efficiency, particularly in relation to the biochemical compound classes such as amino acids, tricarboxylic acid cycle derivatives, fatty acids, and secondary metabolites. Our results demonstrated that HCl + ACN were the superior extraction solvents for amino acid and secondary metabolite extraction, and NaOH + MeOH was ideal for fatty acid extraction. Interestingly, the metabolomic analysis of panda fur was capable of discriminating the longitudinal metabolite profile between black and white furs. These extraction protocols can be used in future study protocols for the analysis of the fur metabolome in pandas. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:57:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-4368a5c18bfb4422ae923c63075db2e3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:57:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-4368a5c18bfb4422ae923c63075db2e32023-11-24T10:14:43ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042022-11-01101168810.3390/toxics10110688Evaluating Different Extraction Approaches for GC-MS Based Metabolomics Analysis of the Giant Pandas’ FurYang Yang0Yanqiang Yin1Xianglan Tang2Yinyin Xia3Jinya Zhang4Chun Yan5Weixuan Zhang6Hua Zhang7Ting-Li Han8Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, ChinaChongqing Zoo, Chongqing 400050, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, ChinaSchool of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, ChinaSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, ChinaSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, ChinaSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, ChinaMinistry of Education of China International Collaborative Joint Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, ChinaGiant pandas in zoo captivity are situated in residential areas, where environmental pollutants and anthropogenic factors have an impact on their health. Hair metabolomics has been applied in numerous environmental toxicological studies. Therefore, the panda fur metabolome could be a reliable approach to reflect endogenous and exogenous metabolic changes related to environmental exposure. However, there is no established extraction protocol to study the fur metabolome of pandas. The aim of this research was to optimize the extraction of panda fur metabolome for high-throughput metabolomics analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fur samples were collected from five pandas. Eight different extraction methods were investigated and evaluated for their reproducibility, metabolite coverage, and extraction efficiency, particularly in relation to the biochemical compound classes such as amino acids, tricarboxylic acid cycle derivatives, fatty acids, and secondary metabolites. Our results demonstrated that HCl + ACN were the superior extraction solvents for amino acid and secondary metabolite extraction, and NaOH + MeOH was ideal for fatty acid extraction. Interestingly, the metabolomic analysis of panda fur was capable of discriminating the longitudinal metabolite profile between black and white furs. These extraction protocols can be used in future study protocols for the analysis of the fur metabolome in pandas.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/11/688GC-MSendogenous and exogenous metabolomeextraction methodgiant pandas |
| spellingShingle | Yang Yang Yanqiang Yin Xianglan Tang Yinyin Xia Jinya Zhang Chun Yan Weixuan Zhang Hua Zhang Ting-Li Han Evaluating Different Extraction Approaches for GC-MS Based Metabolomics Analysis of the Giant Pandas’ Fur Toxics GC-MS endogenous and exogenous metabolome extraction method giant pandas |
| title | Evaluating Different Extraction Approaches for GC-MS Based Metabolomics Analysis of the Giant Pandas’ Fur |
| title_full | Evaluating Different Extraction Approaches for GC-MS Based Metabolomics Analysis of the Giant Pandas’ Fur |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating Different Extraction Approaches for GC-MS Based Metabolomics Analysis of the Giant Pandas’ Fur |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating Different Extraction Approaches for GC-MS Based Metabolomics Analysis of the Giant Pandas’ Fur |
| title_short | Evaluating Different Extraction Approaches for GC-MS Based Metabolomics Analysis of the Giant Pandas’ Fur |
| title_sort | evaluating different extraction approaches for gc ms based metabolomics analysis of the giant pandas fur |
| topic | GC-MS endogenous and exogenous metabolome extraction method giant pandas |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/11/688 |
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