Development of a Microwave Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of a Micro Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Micro direct methanol fuel cells (μDMFCs) are a promising power source for microelectronic devices and systems. As the operating state and performance of a μDMFC is generally determined by both electrochemical polarization and methanol crossover, it is important to monitor the methanol concentration...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/3/969 |
| _version_ | 1797318175498436608 |
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| author | Shubin Zhang Tian Qiang Yanfeng Jiang |
| author_facet | Shubin Zhang Tian Qiang Yanfeng Jiang |
| author_sort | Shubin Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Micro direct methanol fuel cells (μDMFCs) are a promising power source for microelectronic devices and systems. As the operating state and performance of a μDMFC is generally determined by both electrochemical polarization and methanol crossover, it is important to monitor the methanol concentration in μDMFCs. Here, we design and fabricate a microwave sensor and integrate it with a μDMFC for the online detection of methanol concentration in a nonintrusive way. The sensing area is set at the bottom of the anode chamber of a μDMFC which exhibits a maximum output power density of 28.8 mW cm<sup>−2</sup> at 30 °C. With a square ring structure, the dual-mode microwave sensor shows a sensitivity of 9.5 MHz mol<sup>−1</sup> L. Furthermore, the importance of methanol concentration monitoring is demonstrated in the long term. A relatively smooth methanol decline curve was obtained, which indicated a normal and stable operating status of the μDMFC. Derived from real-time recording data, fuel utilization was additionally calculated as 28.5%. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:48:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-437724f9818b4bdbac0c018b35ca066c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:48:40Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-437724f9818b4bdbac0c018b35ca066c2024-02-09T15:22:26ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-02-0124396910.3390/s24030969Development of a Microwave Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of a Micro Direct Methanol Fuel CellShubin Zhang0Tian Qiang1Yanfeng Jiang2School of Internet of Things Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, ChinaSchool of Internet of Things Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, ChinaSchool of Internet of Things Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, ChinaMicro direct methanol fuel cells (μDMFCs) are a promising power source for microelectronic devices and systems. As the operating state and performance of a μDMFC is generally determined by both electrochemical polarization and methanol crossover, it is important to monitor the methanol concentration in μDMFCs. Here, we design and fabricate a microwave sensor and integrate it with a μDMFC for the online detection of methanol concentration in a nonintrusive way. The sensing area is set at the bottom of the anode chamber of a μDMFC which exhibits a maximum output power density of 28.8 mW cm<sup>−2</sup> at 30 °C. With a square ring structure, the dual-mode microwave sensor shows a sensitivity of 9.5 MHz mol<sup>−1</sup> L. Furthermore, the importance of methanol concentration monitoring is demonstrated in the long term. A relatively smooth methanol decline curve was obtained, which indicated a normal and stable operating status of the μDMFC. Derived from real-time recording data, fuel utilization was additionally calculated as 28.5%.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/3/969microwave sensornonintrusive detectiononline monitoringmicro direct methanol fuel cell (μDMFC)methanol crossover |
| spellingShingle | Shubin Zhang Tian Qiang Yanfeng Jiang Development of a Microwave Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of a Micro Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Sensors microwave sensor nonintrusive detection online monitoring micro direct methanol fuel cell (μDMFC) methanol crossover |
| title | Development of a Microwave Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of a Micro Direct Methanol Fuel Cell |
| title_full | Development of a Microwave Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of a Micro Direct Methanol Fuel Cell |
| title_fullStr | Development of a Microwave Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of a Micro Direct Methanol Fuel Cell |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of a Microwave Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of a Micro Direct Methanol Fuel Cell |
| title_short | Development of a Microwave Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of a Micro Direct Methanol Fuel Cell |
| title_sort | development of a microwave sensor for real time monitoring of a micro direct methanol fuel cell |
| topic | microwave sensor nonintrusive detection online monitoring micro direct methanol fuel cell (μDMFC) methanol crossover |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/3/969 |
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